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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="" xml:lang="">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="pandoc" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes" />
<title>FairEmail - support</title>
<style>
code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
div.columns{display: flex; gap: min(4vw, 1.5em);}
div.column{flex: auto; overflow-x: auto;}
div.hanging-indent{margin-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1.5em;}
/* The extra [class] is a hack that increases specificity enough to
override a similar rule in reveal.js */
ul.task-list[class]{list-style: none;}
ul.task-list li input[type="checkbox"] {
font-size: inherit;
width: 0.8em;
margin: 0 0.8em 0.2em -1.6em;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.display.math{display: block; text-align: center; margin: 0.5rem auto;}
</style>
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/M66B/FairEmail/master/app/src/main/ic_launcher-web.png">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#006db3">
<style>
body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; }
@media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
body {
color: #212121;
background: #FFFFFF;
}
a:link { color: #C68400; }
a:visited { color: #ff6f00; }
a:hover { color: #039BE5; }
a:active { color: #039BE5; }
img { filter: invert(0%); }
blockquote { border-left: 3px solid #333; padding-left: 12px; margin-inline-start: 12px; }
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
body {
color: #FFFFFF;
background: #424242;
}
a:link { color: #FFB300; }
a:visited { color: #FF6F00; }
a:hover { color: #01579B; }
a:active { color: #01579B; }
img { filter: invert(75%); }
blockquote { border-left: 3px solid #ddd; padding-left: 12px; margin-inline-start: 12px; }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p><a name="top"></a></p>
<h1 id="fairemail-support">FairEmail support</h1>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md">Google Translate</a></p>
<p>🇬🇧 If you have a question, please check the following frequently asked questions first. <a href="#get-support">At the bottom</a>, you can find out how to ask other questions, request features, and report bugs. You will receive an answer in your own language.</p>
<p>🇩🇪 Wenn Sie eine Frage haben, überprüfen Sie bitte zuerst die folgenden häufig gestellten Fragen. <a href="#get-support">Unten</a> erfahren Sie, wie Sie andere Fragen stellen, Funktionen anfordern und Fehler melden können. Sie erhalten eine Antwort in Ihrer eigenen Sprache.</p>
<p>🇫🇷 Si vous avez une question, veuillez d’abord vérifier les questions fréquemment posées suivantes. <a href="#get-support">En bas</a>, vous pouvez découvrir comment poser d’autres questions, demander des fonctionnalités et signaler des bogues. Vous recevrez une réponse dans votre propre langue.</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><strong>Important</strong></p>
<p>There is a lot of technical information in this FAQ, mostly for specific problems or specific use cases. For other, more common questions, please see the tutorials below or contact me via <em>Get support</em> below.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<h2 id="tutorials">Tutorials</h2>
<p>Please <a href="https://github.com/M66B/FairEmail/tree/master/tutorials">see here</a> for tutorials 📖.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<h2 id="index">Index</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#authorizing-accounts">Configuring accounts</a></li>
<li><a href="#howto">How to …?</a></li>
<li><a href="#known-problems">Known problems</a></li>
<li><a href="#planned-features">Planned features</a></li>
<li><a href="#frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</a> (FAQ)</li>
<li><a href="#get-support">Get support</a></li>
</ul>
<p><br /></p>
<h2>
<a name="authorizing-accounts"></a>Configuring accounts
</h2>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23authorizing-accounts">Google Translate</a></p>
<p>In most cases, the quick setup wizard will be able to automatically identify the correct configuration.</p>
<p>If the quick setup wizard fails, you’ll need to manually set up an account (to receive email) and an identity (to send email). For this you’ll need the IMAP and SMTP server addresses and port numbers, whether SSL/TLS or STARTTLS should be used and your username (mostly, but not always, your email address) and your password.</p>
<p>Searching for <em>IMAP</em> and the name of the provider is mostly sufficient to find the right documentation.</p>
<p>In some cases, you’ll need to enable external access to your account and/or to use a special (app) password, for instance when two-factor authentication is enabled.</p>
<p>When you copy and paste a password, make sure you do not copy any whitespace (spaces, etc.). Please also keep in mind that a password manager may fill in an old password and overwrite what you have pasted or typed, without this being visible.</p>
<p>For authorizing:</p>
<ul>
<li>Gmail / G suite, see <a href="#faq6">question 6</a></li>
<li>Outlook / Live / Hotmail, see <a href="#faq14">question 14</a></li>
<li>Office 365, see <a href="#faq156">question 156</a></li>
<li>Microsoft Exchange, see <a href="#faq8">question 8</a></li>
<li>Yahoo, AOL and Sky, see <a href="#faq88">question 88</a></li>
<li>Apple iCloud, see <a href="#faq148">question 148</a> (<a href="https://support.apple.com/de-de/HT204397">German</a>)</li>
<li>Free.fr, see <a href="#faq157">question 157</a></li>
<li>Posteo: please check if <a href="https://posteo.de/en/help/activating-additional-email-account-protection">additional email account protection</a> (<a href="https://posteo.de/hilfe/zusaetzlichen-postfachschutz-deaktivieren">German</a>) isn’t enabled</li>
<li>Posteo: in some cases you need to use <a href="https://posteo.de/en/help/app-passwords">an app password</a> (<a href="https://posteo.de/hilfe/anwendungs-passwoerter">German</a>)</li>
<li>Posteo: note that there is <a href="https://posteo.de/en/help/how-does-the-posteo-spam-filter-work">no spam folder</a> (<a href="https://posteo.de/hilfe/wie-funktioniert-der-posteo-spamfilter">German</a>)</li>
<li>Posteo: if you want to synchronize contacts, please <a href="https://posteo.de/en/help/how-do-i-set-up-synchronisation-of-contacts-with-an-android-address-book">see here</a></li>
<li>Web.de: please check if <a href="https://hilfe.web.de/pop-imap/imap/imap-serverdaten.html">IMAP is enabled</a></li>
<li>Web.de: with two factor authentication you must use <a href="https://hilfe.web.de/sicherheit/2fa/anwendungsspezifisches-passwort.html">an app password</a></li>
<li>Web.de: if you are missing the spam messages folder, you should enable spam filtering via the website of web.de again</li>
<li>GMX: please check if <a href="https://support.gmx.com/pop-imap/toggle.html">IMAP is enabled</a> (<a href="https://hilfe.gmx.net/pop-imap/einschalten.html">German</a>). Reportedly, you need to do this on a desktop computer.</li>
<li>GMX: with two-factor authentication, and sometimes in other cases as well, for example when traveling or using a VPN, you must use <a href="https://support.gmx.com/security/2fa/application-specific-passwords.html">an app password</a> (<a href="https://hilfe.gmx.net/sicherheit/2fa/anwendungsspezifisches-passwort.html">German</a>). Not that enabling two-factor authentication does not automatically enable IMAP.</li>
<li>T-online.de: please make sure you use <a href="https://www.telekom.de/hilfe/festnetz-internet-tv/e-mail/e-mail-adresse-passwoerter-und-sicherheit/passwort-fuer-e-mail-programme-einrichten">an email password</a> (German) and not your account password</li>
<li>Ionos (1und1): please make sure you use <a href="https://www.ionos.de/hilfe/e-mail/problemloesungen-mail-basicmail-business/passwort-fuer-e-mail-konto-bei-ionos-aendern/">an email password</a> (German) and not your account password</li>
<li>Yandex: please check if <a href="https://yandex.com/support/mail/mail-clients/others.html">IMAP is enabled</a></li>
<li>Comcast/Xfinity: please check if <a href="https://www.xfinity.com/support/articles/third-party-email-access">third party email access</a> is enabled</li>
<li>Mailbox.org: with two factor authentication you’ll need to use <a href="https://kb.mailbox.org/en/private/security-and-privacy/application-passwords-for-external-programs/">an app password</a> (<a href="https://kb.mailbox.org/de/privat/sicherheit-und-privatsphaere/applikationspasswoerter-fuer-externe-programme/">German</a>)</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Important:</strong></p>
<p><em>There is a good reason why the app warns against using a VPN:</em> With a VPN, you share a single network address with many people, and not all of those people will behave properly all the time. Most email servers automatically block network addresses when abuse is detected, for example, when someone tries to send spam. That is why a VPN is often problematic for email. Someone else’s misconduct can affect you. So if there are authentication problems while using a VPN, either when configuring or using an account, try turning off the VPN, or create an exception for FairEmail in the VPN app.</p>
<p>Please see <a href="#faq22">this FAQ</a> for common error messages and solutions, and please see <a href="#faq207">this FAQ</a> in case of ‘<em>Authentication failed</em>’ or similar.</p>
<p>Related questions:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#faq111">Is OAuth supported?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq133">Why is ActiveSync ™ not supported?</a></li>
</ul>
<p><br /></p>
<p><a name="howto"></a></p>
<h2 id="how-to">How to …?</h2>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23howto">Google Translate</a></p>
<ul>
<li>Change the account name: (Main) Settings, tap Manual setup, tap Accounts, tap account</li>
<li>Change the swipe left/right target: (Main) Settings, tab page Behavior, Set swipe actions (*)</li>
<li>Change password: (Main) Settings, tap Manual setup, tap Accounts, tap account, change password</li>
<li>Set a signature: (Main) Settings, tap Manual setup, tap Identities, tap identity, Edit signature.</li>
<li>Set a default CC or BCC address: (Main) Settings, tap Manual setup, tap Identities, tap identity, tap Advanced.</li>
<li>Add CC and BCC addresses: tap the people’s icon at the end of the subject</li>
<li>Go to the next/previous message on archive/delete: in the behavior settings disable <em>Automatically close conversations</em> and select <em>Go to next/previous conversation</em> for <em>On closing a conversation</em></li>
<li>Create a folder: tap the account name in the navigation menu (left side menu) and tap the button at the bottom right</li>
<li>Add a folder to the unified inbox: long press the folder in the folder list and tick <em>Show in unified inbox</em></li>
<li>Add a folder to the navigation menu: long press the folder in the folder list and tick <em>Show in navigation menu</em></li>
<li>Load more messages: long press a folder in the folder list, select <em>Fetch more messages</em></li>
<li>Delete a message, skipping trash: long press the trash icon</li>
<li>Delete an account/identity: (Main) Settings, tap Manual setup, tap Accounts/Identities, tap the account/identity, tap the trash icon in the top right corner</li>
<li>Delete a folder: long press the folder in the folder list, Edit properties, tap the trash icon in the top right corner. Note that you can’t delete folders which still have sub folders.</li>
<li>Undo send: Outbox, swipe the message in the list left or right</li>
<li>Delete a contact: please <a href="#faq171">see this FAQ</a></li>
<li>Store sent messages in the inbox: please <a href="#faq142">see this FAQ</a></li>
<li>Change system folders: (Main) Settings, tap Manual setup, tap Accounts, tap account, at the bottom</li>
<li>Export/import settings: via the backup settings tab page (last tab page)</li>
</ul>
<p>(*) Swipe actions for individual and POP3 accounts can be configured in the account setting: (Main) Settings, tap Manual setup, tap Accounts, tap account</p>
<p><br /></p>
<h2>
<a name="known-problems"></a>Known problems
</h2>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23known-problems">Google Translate</a></p>
<ul>
<li><del>A <a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/37054851">bug in Android 5.1 and 6</a> causes apps to sometimes show a wrong time format. Toggling the Android setting <em>Use 24-hour format</em> might temporarily solve the issue. A workaround was added.</del></li>
<li><del>A <a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/126362828">bug in Google Drive</a> causes files exported to Google Drive to be empty. Google has fixed this.</del></li>
<li><del>A <a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/78495471">bug in AndroidX</a> causes FairEmail to occasionally crash on long pressing or swiping. Google has fixed this.</del></li>
<li><del>A <a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/138441698">bug in AndroidX ROOM</a> causes sometimes a crash with “<em>… Exception while computing database live data … Couldn’t read row …</em>”. A workaround was added.</del></li>
<li>A <a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/119872129">bug in Android</a> causes FairEmail to crash with “<em>… Bad notification posted …</em>” on some devices once after updating FairEmail and tapping on a notification.</li>
<li>A <a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/62427912">bug in Android</a> sometimes causes a crash with “<em>… ActivityRecord not found for …</em>” after updating FairEmail. Reinstalling (<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46309428/android-activitythread-reportsizeconfigurations-causes-app-to-freeze-with-black">source</a>) might fix the problem.</li>
<li>A <a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/37018931">bug in Android</a> sometimes causes a crash with <em>… InputChannel is not initialized …</em> on some devices.</li>
<li><del>A <a href="https://review.lineageos.org/c/LineageOS/android_frameworks_base/+/265273">bug in LineageOS</a> sometimes causes a crash with <em>… java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: length=…; index=… …</em>.</del></li>
<li>A bug in Nova Launcher on Android 5.x causes FairEmail to crash with a <em>java.lang.StackOverflowError</em> when Nova Launcher has access to the accessibility service.</li>
<li><del>The folder selector sometimes shows no folders for yet unknown reasons. This seems to be fixed.</del></li>
<li><del>A <a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/64729576">bug in AndroidX</a> makes it hard to grap the fast scroller. A workaround was added.</del></li>
<li><del>Encryption with YubiKey results into an infinite loop. This seems to be caused by a <a href="https://github.com/open-keychain/open-keychain/issues/2507">bug in OpenKeychain</a>.</del></li>
<li>A preview of a message text doesn’t (always) appear on Samsung watches because <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/androidx/core/app/NotificationCompat.Builder.html#setLocalOnly(boolean)">setLocalOnly</a> seem to be ignored. Message preview texts are known to be displayed correctly on Pebble 2, Fitbit Charge 3, Mi band 3, and Xiaomi Amazfit BIP smartwatches. See also <a href="#faq126">this FAQ</a>.</li>
<li>A <a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/37068143">bug in Android 6.0</a> causes a crash with <em>… Invalid offset: … Valid range is …</em> when text is selected and tapping outside of the selected text. This bug has been fixed in Android 6.0.1.</li>
<li>Internal (anchor) links will not work because original messages are shown in an embedded WebView in a scrolling view (the conversation list). This is an Android limitation which cannot be fixed or worked around.</li>
<li>Language detection <a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/173337263">is not working anymore</a> on Pixel devices with (upgraded to?) Android 11</li>
<li><del>A <a href="https://github.com/open-keychain/open-keychain/issues/2688">bug in OpenKeychain</a> causes invalid PGP signatures when using a hardware token.</del></li>
<li>Search suggestions causes the keyboard losing focus on Android 12L.</li>
<li><del><a href="https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/outlook/outlook-office-365-imap-idle-is-broken/m-p/3616242">A bug</a> in the Outlook IMAP server causes delayed new message notifications.</del></li>
<li>Updating the Material You colors sometimes require restarting the app / the device, which is caused by <a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/386671298">a bug</a> in the Android WebView.</li>
<li><del>MiniDNS doesn’t <a href="https://github.com/MiniDNS/minidns/issues/140">yet</a> follow CNAMEs when looking up TLSA records.</del></li>
</ul>
<p><a name="redmi"></a> <a name="realme"></a> <a name="oneplus"></a> <a name="oppo"></a> <a name="sony"></a> <a name="motorola"></a></p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><strong>Xiaomi Redmi / Realme / OnePlus / Oppo / Sony / Motorola</strong></p>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23redmi">Google Translate</a></p>
<p>On some Xiaomi Redmi (Note) devices, some Realme devices, some OnePlus devices, some Oppo devices, some Samsung devices, some Sony (Xperia) devices, some Motorola devices, and possibly other devices running Android 12 or 13, the database occasionally gets corrupted, especially after installing an update, resulting in total data loss (on the device only, unless you are using a POP3 account with the option <em>Leave messages on server</em> disabled).</p>
<p>The cause of this problem are disk I/O errors due to an Android bug (more likely) or maybe a hardware issue (less likely), please <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_write">see here</a>.</p>
<p>“<em>This error might result from a hardware malfunction or because a filesystem came unmounted while the file was open.</em>”</p>
<p>This can’t be fixed by the app and must be fixed by the device manufacturer with an Android update.</p>
<p><strong>Please do not blame the app for this!</strong></p>
<p>For the record, the stack trace:</p>
<pre><code>android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDiskIOException: disk I/O error (code 778)
at io.requery.android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConnection.nativeExecute(SourceFile:-2)
at io.requery.android.database.sqlite.SQLiteConnection.execute(SQLiteConnection:595)
at io.requery.android.database.sqlite.SQLiteSession.endTransactionUnchecked(SQLiteSession:447)
at io.requery.android.database.sqlite.SQLiteSession.endTransaction(SQLiteSession:411)
at io.requery.android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.endTransaction(SQLiteDatabase:551)
at androidx.room.RoomDatabase.internalEndTransaction(RoomDatabase:594)
at androidx.room.RoomDatabase.endTransaction(RoomDatabase:584)</code></pre>
<p>This will affect other apps which use a local database intensively too. Most apps store their data in the cloud instead of on the device, which is why this isn’t occurring frequently.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<h2>
<a name="planned-features"></a>Planned features
</h2>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23planned-features">Google Translate</a></p>
<ul>
<li>✅ <del>Synchronize on demand (manual)</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>Semi-automatic encryption</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>Copy message</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>Colored stars</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>Notification settings per folder</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>Select local images for signatures</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>Show messages matched by a rule</del></li>
<li>❌ <del><a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5804">ManageSieve</a></del> (there are no maintained Java libraries with a suitable license and without dependencies and besides that, FairEmail has its own rules)</li>
<li>✅ <del>Search for messages with/without attachments</del> (on-device only because IMAP doesn’t support searching for attachments)</li>
<li>✅ <del>Search for a folder</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>Search suggestions</del></li>
<li>❌ <del><a href="https://autocrypt.org/autocrypt-spec-1.0.0.pdf">Autocrypt Setup Message</a> (section 4.4)</del> (IMO it is not a good idea to let an email client handle sensitive encryption keys for an exceptional use case while OpenKeychain can export keys, too)</li>
<li>✅ <del>Generic unified folders</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>New per-account message notification schedules</del> (implemented by adding a time condition to rules, so that messages can be snoozed during selected periods)</li>
<li>✅ <del>Copy accounts and identities</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>Pinch to zoom</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>More compact folder view</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>Compose lists</del></li>
<li>❌ <del>Compose tables</del> (the Android editor doesn’t support tables)</li>
<li>✅ <del>Pinch to zoom text size</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>Display GIFs</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>Themes</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>Any day time condition</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>Send as attachment</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>Widget for selected account</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>Remind to attach files</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>Select domains to show images for</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>Unified starred messages view</del> (implemented as saved search)</li>
<li>✅ <del>Move notification action</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>S/MIME support</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>Search for settings</del></li>
<li>❌ <del>POP3 folders</del></li>
<li>✅ <del>Bottom action bar</del></li>
<li>❓ <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8689">SMTP Require TLS Option</a></li>
<li>❓ <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc9788/">Header Protection for Cryptographically Protected Email</a></li>
<li>❓ <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-mailmaint-unobtrusive-signatures/">Unobtrusive End-to-End Email Signatures</a></li>
<li>❓ <del><a href="https://github.com/thunderbird/thunderbird-accounts/issues/1124">OAuth for Thundermail</a></del></li>
</ul>
<p>Anything on this list is in random order and <em>might</em> be added in the near future.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<h2>
<a name="frequently-asked-questions"></a>Frequently Asked Questions
</h2>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23frequently-asked-questions">Google Translate</a></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#faq1">(1) Which permissions are needed and why?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq2">(2) Why is there a permanent notification shown?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq3">(3) What are operations and why are they pending?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq4">(4) How can I use an invalid security certificate / empty password / plain text connection?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq5">(5) How can I customize the message view?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq6">(6) How can I login to Gmail / G suite?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq7">(7) Why are sent messages not appearing (immediately) in the sent folder?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq8">(8) Can I use a Microsoft Exchange account?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq9">(9) What are identities / how do I add an alias / configure a default CC or BCC address?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq11"><del>(11) Why is POP not supported?</del></a></li>
<li><a href="#faq10"><del>(10) What does ‘UIDPLUS not supported’ mean?</del></a></li>
<li><a href="#faq12">(12) How does encryption/decryption work?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq13">(13) How does search on device/server work?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq14">(14) How can I set up an Outlook / Live / Hotmail account?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq15">(15) Why does the message text keep loading?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq16">(16) Why are messages not being synchronized?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq17"><del>(17) Why does manual synchronize not work?</del></a></li>
<li><a href="#faq18">(18) Why is the message preview not always shown?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq19">(19) Why are the pro features so expensive?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq20">(20) Can I get a refund?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq21">(21) How do I enable the notification light?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq22">(22) What does account/folder error … mean?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq23">(23) Why do I get alert …?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq24">(24) What is browse messages on the server?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq25">(25) Why can’t I select/open/save an image, attachment or a file?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq26">(26) Can I help to translate FairEmail in my own language?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq27">(27) How can I distinguish between embedded and external images?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq28">(28) How can I manage status bar notifications?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq29">(29) How can I get new message notifications for other folders?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq30">(30) How can I use the provided quick settings?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq31">(31) How can I use the provided shortcuts?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq32">(32) How can I check if reading email is really safe?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq33">(33) Why are edited sender addresses not working?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq34">(34) How are identities matched?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq35">(35) Why should I be careful with viewing images, attachments, the original message, and opening links?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq36">(36) How are settings files encrypted?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq37">(37) How are passwords stored?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq39">(39) How can I reduce the battery usage of FairEmail?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq40">(40) How can I reduce the data usage of FairEmail?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq41">(41) How can I fix the error ‘Handshake failed’?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq42">(42) Can you add a new provider to the list of providers?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq43">(43) Can you show the original …?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq44">(44) Can you show contact photos / identicons in the sent folder?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq45">(45) How can I fix ‘This key is not available. To use it, you must import it as one of your own!’?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq46">(46) Why does the message list keep refreshing?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq47">(47) How do I solve the error ‘No primary account or no drafts folder’?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq48"><del>(48) How do I solve the error ‘No primary account or no archive folder’?</del></a></li>
<li><a href="#faq49">(49) How do I fix ‘An outdated app sent a file path instead of a file stream’?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq50">(50) Can you add an option to synchronize all messages?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq51">(51) How are folders sorted?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq52">(52) Why does it take some time to reconnect to an account?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq53">(53) Can you stick the message action bar to the top/bottom?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq54"><del>(54) How do I use a namespace prefix?</del></a></li>
<li><a href="#faq55">(55) How can I mark all messages as read / move or delete all messages?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq56">(56) Can you add support for JMAP?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq57">(57) Can I use HTML in signatures?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq58">(58) What does an open/closed email icon mean?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq59">(59) Can original messages be opened in the browser?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq60">(60) Did you know …?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq61">(61) Why are some messages shown dimmed?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq62">(62) Which authentication methods are supported?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq63">(63) How are images resized for displaying on screens?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq64"><del>(64) Can you add custom actions for swipe left/right?</del></a></li>
<li><a href="#faq65">(65) Why are some attachments shown dimmed?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq66">(66) Is FairEmail available in the Google Play Family Library?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq67">(67) How can I snooze conversations?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq68"><del>(68) Why can Adobe Acrobat reader not open PDF attachments / Microsoft apps not open attached documents?</del></a></li>
<li><a href="#faq69">(69) Can you add auto scroll up on new message?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq70">(70) When will messages be auto expanded?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq71">(71) How do I use rules?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq72">(72) What are primary accounts/identities?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq73">(73) Is moving messages across accounts safe/efficient?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq74">(74) Why do I see duplicate messages?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq75">(75) Can you make an iOS, Windows, Linux, etc version?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq76">(76) What does ‘Clear local messages’ do?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq77">(77) Why are messages sometimes shown with a small delay?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq78">(78) How do I use schedules?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq79">(79) How do I use synchronize on demand (manual)?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq80"><del>(80) How do I fix the error ‘Unable to load BODYSTRUCTURE’?</del></a></li>
<li><a href="#faq81">(81) Can you make the background of the original message view dark in dark themes?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq82">(82) What is a tracking image?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq84">(84) What are local contacts for?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq85">(85) Why is an identity not available?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq86"><del>(86) What are ‘extra privacy features’?</del></a></li>
<li><a href="#faq87">(87) What does ‘invalid credentials’ mean?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq88">(88) How can I use a Yahoo/AT&T, AOL or Sky account?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq89">(89) How can I send plain text only messages?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq90">(90) Why are some texts linked while not being a link?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq91"><del>(91) Can you add periodical synchronization to save battery power?</del></a></li>
<li><a href="#faq92">(92) Can you add spam filtering, verification of the DKIM signature and SPF authorization?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq93">(93) Can you allow installation/data storage on external storage media (sdcard)?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq94">(94) What does the red/orange stripe at the end of the header mean?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq95">(95) Why are not all apps shown when selecting an attachment or image?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq96">(96) Where can I find the IMAP and SMTP settings?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq97">(97) What is ‘cleanup’?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq98">(98) Why can I still pick contacts after revoking contacts permissions?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq99">(99) What should I know about Markdown?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq100">(100) How can I synchronize Gmail categories?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq101">(101) What does the blue/orange dot at the bottom of the conversations mean?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq102">(102) How can I enable auto rotation of images?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq158">(103) How can I record audio?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq104"><del>(104) What do I need to know about error reporting?</del></a></li>
<li><a href="#faq105">(105) How does the roam-like-at-home option work?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq106">(106) Which launchers can show a badge count with the number of unread messages?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq107">(107) How do I use colored stars?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq108"><del>(108) Can you add permanently delete messages from any folder?</del></a></li>
<li><a href="#faq109"><del>(109) Why is ‘select account’ available in official versions only?</del></a></li>
<li><a href="#faq110">(110) Why are (some) messages empty and/or attachments corrupted?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq111">(111) Is OAuth supported?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq112">(112) Which email provider do you recommend?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq113">(113) How does biometric authentication work?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq114">(114) Can you add an import for the settings of other email apps?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq115"><del>(115) Can you add email address chips?</del></a></li>
<li><a href="#faq116"><del>(116) How can I show images in messages from trusted senders by default?</del></a></li>
<li><a href="#faq117">(117) How can I restore a purchase (on another device) ?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq118">(118) What does ‘Remove tracking parameters’ exactly?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq119"><del>(119) Can you add colors to the unified inbox widget?</del></a></li>
<li><a href="#faq120">(120) Why are new message notifications not removed on opening the app?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq121">(121) How are messages grouped into a conversation?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq122"><del>(122) Why is the recipient name/email address show with a warning color?</del></a></li>
<li><a href="#faq123">(123) What will happen when FairEmail cannot connect to an email server?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq124">(124) Why do I get ‘Message too large or too complex to display’?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq125">(125) What are the current experimental features?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq126">(126) Can message previews be sent to my smartwatch?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq127">(127) How can I fix ‘Syntactically invalid HELO argument(s)’?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq128">(128) How can I reset asked questions, for example to show images?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq129">(129) Are ProtonMail, Tutanota, etc supported?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq130">(130) What does message error … mean?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq131">(131) Can you change the direction for swiping to previous/next message?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq132">(132) Why are new message notifications silent?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq133">(133) Why is ActiveSync ™ not supported?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq134">(134) Can you add leave messages on the server?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq135">(135) Why are trashed messages and drafts shown in conversations?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq136">(136) How can I delete an account/identity/folder?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq137">(137) How can I reset ‘Don’t ask again’?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq138">(138) Can you add calendar/contact/tasks/notes management?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq139">(139) How do I fix ‘User is authenticated but not connected’?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq140">(140) Why does the message text contain strange characters?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq141">(141) How can I fix ‘A drafts folder is required to send messages’?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq142">(142) How can I store sent messages in the inbox?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq143"><del>(143) Can you add a trash folder for POP3 accounts?</del></a></li>
<li><a href="#faq144">(144) How can I record voice notes?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq145">(145) How can I set a notification sound for an account, folder, sender or condition?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq146">(146) How can I fix incorrect message times?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq147">(147) What should I know about third party versions?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq148">(148) How can I use an Apple iCloud account?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq149">(149) How does the unread message count widget work?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq150">(150) Can you add cancelling calendar invites?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq151">(151) Can you add backup/restore of messages?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq152">(152) How can I insert a contact group?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq153">(153) Why does permanently deleting Gmail message not work?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq154">(154) Is there support for favicons as contact photos?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq155">(155) What is a winmail.dat file?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq156">(156) How can I set up an Office 365 account?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq157">(157) How can I set up an Free.fr account?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq158">(158) Which camera / audio recorder do you recommend?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq159">(159) What are Disconnect’s tracker protection lists?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq160">(160) Can you add permanent deletion of messages without confirmation?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq161">(161) Can you add a setting to change the primary and accent color?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq162">(162) Is IMAP NOTIFY supported?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq163">(163) What is message classification?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq164">(164) Can you add customizable themes?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq165">(165) Is Android Auto supported?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq166">(166) Can I snooze a message across multiple devices?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq167">(167) How can I use DeepL?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq168">(168) What is a spam block list?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq169">(169) Why does the app not start automatically?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq170">(170) Why can’t folders be created with POP3?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq171">(171) How can I delete a contact?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq172">(172) How can I import contacts?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq173">(173) What is the difference between Play store / GitHub / F-Droid version?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq174">(174) Is auto discovery supported?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq175">(175) Why should battery optimizations be disabled?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq176">(176) When will a message be considered safely transported?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq177">(177) What does ‘Sensitivity’ mean?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq178">(178) Why are widgets not updating?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq179">(179) What are reply templates?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq180">(180) How do I use LanguageTool?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq181">(181) How do I use VirusTotal?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq182">(182) How can I select how a link should be opened?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq183">(183) How do I use Send?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq184">(184) How do I password protect content?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq185"><del>(185) Can I install FairEmail on Windows?</del></a></li>
<li><a href="#faq186">(186) How can I let the app auto store iCalendar invitations?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq187">(187) Are colored stars synchronized across devices?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq188"><del>(188) Why is Google backup disabled?</del></a></li>
<li><a href="#faq189">(189) What is cloud sync?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq190">(190) How do I use OpenAI (ChatGPT)?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq191">(191) How do I download and keep older messages on my device?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq192">(192) How can I resolve ‘Couldn’t connect to host, port: …; timeout …;’ ?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq193">(193) How can I import Outlook contacts?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq194">(194) How can I set up automatic deletion of old messages?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq195">(195) Why are all messages in the archive folder of Gmail?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq196">(196) Can you add empty trash on leaving the app?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq197">(197) How can I print a message?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq198">(198) Can you add spell checking?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq199">(199) Can you add proxy support?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq200">(200) How can I use Adguard to remove tracking parameters?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq201">(201) What is certificate transparency?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq202">(202) What is DNSSEC and what is DANE?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq203">(203) Where is my sent message?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq204">(204) How do I use Gemini?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq205">(205) How do I check the integrity of an APK file?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq206">(206) How can I move or copy messages from one account to another?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq207">(207) What does ‘Authentication failed’ mean?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq208">(208) What does ‘about:blank#blocked’ mean when I click on a link?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq209">(209) Why is using a VPN often problematic?</a></li>
<li><a href="#faq210">(210) Why is local network permission needed?</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="#get-support">I have another question.</a></p>
<p><a name="faq1"></a> <strong>(1) Which permissions are needed and why?</strong></p>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23faq1">Google Translate</a></p>
<p>The following Android permissions are <strong>required</strong>:</p>
<ul>
<li><em>have full network access</em> (INTERNET): to send and receive via the internet</li>
<li><em>view network connections</em> (ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE): to monitor connectivity changes (mobile data, WiFi)</li>
<li><em>run at startup</em> (RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED): to start sending and receiving on device start</li>
<li><em>run foreground service</em> (FOREGROUND_SERVICE/DATA_SYNC/SPECIAL_USE): to run a foreground service on Android 9 Pie and later, see also the next question</li>
<li><em>run foreground service</em> (FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK): for text-to-speech</li>
<li><em>schedule exact alarm</em> (SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM): to use exact alarm scheduling (Android 12 and later), for example to snooze messages</li>
<li><em>prevent device from sleeping</em> (WAKE_LOCK): to keep the device awake while performing actions, like synchronization of messages</li>
<li><em>use fingerprint hardware</em> (USE_FINGERPRINT) and <em>use biometric hardware</em> (USE_BIOMETRIC): to use biometric authentication (fingerprint, face unlock, etc.)</li>
<li><em>ask to ignore battery optimizations</em> (REQUEST_IGNORE_BATTERY_OPTIMIZATIONS): to disable battery optimizations, please see <a href="#faq175">this FAQ</a> for more information</li>
<li><em>Google Play (in-app) billing service</em> (BILLING): for in-app purchases</li>
</ul>
<p><br /></p>
<p>The following Android permissions are <strong>optional</strong>:</p>
<ul>
<li><em>read your contacts</em> (READ_CONTACTS): to auto-complete addresses, to show contact photos and <a href="https://developer.android.com/guide/components/intents-common#PickContactDat">to select contacts</a></li>
<li><em>find accounts on the device</em> (GET_ACCOUNTS): to select an account when using the Gmail quick setup</li>
<li><em>read the contents of your shared storage (SD card)</em> (READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE): to accept files from other, outdated apps, see also <a href="#faq49">this FAQ</a></li>
<li>Android 5.1 Lollipop and before: <em>use accounts on the device</em> (USE_CREDENTIALS): to select an account when using the Gmail quick setup (not requested on later Android versions)</li>
<li>Android 5.1 Lollipop and before: <em>Read profile</em> (READ_PROFILE): to read your name when using the Gmail quick setup (not requested on later Android versions)</li>
<li><em>allow the app to show notifications</em> (POST_NOTIFICATIONS): to show new message notifications and (account) warnings and errors (Android 13 and later only)</li>
<li>GitHub version only: <em>read and write calendar data</em> (READ_CALENDAR/WRITE_CALENDAR): to <a href="#faq186">auto-store invitations</a></li>
<li>GitHub version only: <em>nearby devices</em> (ACCESS_LOCAL_NETWORK): to access email servers via <a href="#faq210">local network addresses</a> (Android 17 and later only)</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting">Optional permissions</a> are supported on Android 6 Marshmallow and later only. On earlier Android versions, you will be asked to grant the permissions on installing FairEmail.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p>The following permissions are needed to show the count of unread messages as a badge (see also <a href="#faq106">this FAQ</a>):</p>
<ul>
<li><em>com.sec.android.provider.badge.permission.READ</em></li>
<li><em>com.sec.android.provider.badge.permission.WRITE</em></li>
<li><em>com.htc.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS</em></li>
<li><em>com.htc.launcher.permission.UPDATE_SHORTCUT</em></li>
<li><em>com.sonyericsson.home.permission.BROADCAST_BADGE</em></li>
<li><em>com.sonymobile.home.permission.PROVIDER_INSERT_BADGE</em></li>
<li><em>com.anddoes.launcher.permission.UPDATE_COUNT</em></li>
<li><em>com.majeur.launcher.permission.UPDATE_BADGE</em></li>
<li><em>com.huawei.android.launcher.permission.CHANGE_BADGE</em></li>
<li><em>com.huawei.android.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS</em></li>
<li><em>com.huawei.android.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS</em></li>
<li><em>com.hihonor.android.launcher.permission.CHANGE_BADGE</em></li>
<li><em>com.hihonor.android.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS</em></li>
<li><em>com.hihonor.android.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS</em></li>
<li><em>android.permission.READ_APP_BADGE</em></li>
<li><em>com.oppo.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS</em></li>
<li><em>com.oppo.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS</em></li>
<li><em>me.everything.badger.permission.BADGE_COUNT_READ</em></li>
<li><em>me.everything.badger.permission.BADGE_COUNT_WRITE</em></li>
<li><em>com.vivo.notification.permission.BADGE_ICON</em></li>
</ul>
<p><br /></p>
<p>FairEmail will keep a list of addresses you receive messages from and send messages to and will use this list for contact suggestions when no contacts permission is granted to FairEmail. This means you can use FairEmail without the Android contacts provider (address book). Note that you can still select contacts without granting the contacts permission to FairEmail, only suggesting contacts won’t work without contacts permission.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><a name="faq2"></a> <strong>(2) Why is there a permanent notification shown?</strong></p>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23faq2">Google Translate</a></p>
<p><em>If you came here by clicking on the “monitoring” notification, you should know that the next click will open the unified inbox.</em></p>
<p>To reliably receive messages in the background, the app needs to start a service, which will let Android display a status bar notification notifying you about potential battery usage.</p>
<p>The service can’t be started without a notification and the app can’t disable the notification either. However, you can disable the notification yourself, without side effects, via the notification settings of FairEmail:</p>
<ul>
<li>Android 8 Oreo and later: tap the <em>Monitoring channel</em> button and disable the channel via the Android settings (this won’t disable new message notifications)</li>
<li>Android 7 Nougat and before: enabled <em>Use background service to synchronize messages</em>, but be sure to read the remark below the setting first</li>
</ul>
<p>You can also switch to periodical synchronization of messages in the receive settings, in order to remove the notification, but be aware that this might use more battery power. See <a href="#faq39">here</a> for more details about battery usage.</p>
<p>Android 8 Oreo might also show a status bar notification with the text <em>Apps are running in the background</em>. Please see <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Android/comments/7vw7l4/psa_turn_off_background_apps_notification/">here</a> about how you can disable this notification.</p>
<p><em>Background</em></p>
<p>The service is a <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Service.html#startForeground(int,%20android.app.Notification)">foreground service</a> and is needed to prevent Android from stopping the service when the device is sleeping (<a href="https://developer.android.com/training/monitoring-device-state/doze-standby">doze mode</a>).</p>
<p>Most, if not all, other email apps don’t show a notification, which leads to new messages often not being shown or reported later and messages not being sent at all or sent later.</p>
<p>Some other email apps download all your messages to their servers first and push messages via <a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/">Firebase Cloud Messaging</a> to your device. For your privacy this is not a nice solution …</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><a name="faq3"></a> <strong>(3) What are operations and why are they pending?</strong></p>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23faq3">Google Translate</a></p>
<p>The low priority status bar notification shows the number of pending operations, which can be:</p>
<ul>
<li><em>add</em>: add message to remote folder</li>
<li><em>move</em>: move message to another remote folder</li>
<li><em>copy</em>: copy message to another remote folder</li>
<li><em>fetch</em>: fetch changed (pushed) message</li>
<li><em>delete</em>: delete message from remote folder</li>
<li><em>seen</em>: mark message as read/unread in remote folder</li>
<li><em>answered</em>: mark message as answered in remote folder</li>
<li><em>flag</em>: add/remove star in remote folder</li>
<li><em>keyword</em>: add/remove IMAP flag in remote folder</li>
<li><em>label</em>: set/reset Gmail label in remote folder</li>
<li><em>headers</em>: download message headers</li>
<li><em>raw</em>: download raw message</li>
<li><em>body</em>: download message text</li>
<li><em>attachment</em>: download attachment</li>
<li><em>detach</em>: delete attachment</li>
<li><em>sync</em>: synchronize local and remote messages</li>
<li><em>subscribe</em>: subscribe to remote folder</li>
<li><em>purge</em>: delete all messages from remote folder</li>
<li><em>send</em>: send message</li>
<li><em>exists</em>: check if message exists</li>
<li><em>rule</em>: execute rule on body text</li>
<li><em>expunge</em>: permanently delete messages</li>
<li><em>report</em>: process delivery or read receipt (experimental)</li>
<li><em>download</em>: async download of text and attachments (experimental)</li>
<li><em>subject</em>: update subject</li>
</ul>
<p>Operations are processed only when there is a connection to the email server or when manually synchronizing. See also <a href="#faq16">this FAQ</a>.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><a name="faq4"></a> <strong>(4) How can I use an invalid security certificate / empty password / plain text connection?</strong></p>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23faq4">Google Translate</a></p>
<!-- **Since version 1.2137:
Due to [Google's Play Store policies](https://support.google.com/faqs/answer/6346016),
it is no longer possible to support insecure connections to email servers with certificate issues
for the version of FairEmail distributed in the Play Store.
Therefore, this issue can only be resolved by your email provider,
or by installing the GitHub version of the app (as an update) and enabling insecure connections in the account/identity settings.** -->
<p><em>… Untrusted … not in certificate …</em><br /> <em>… Untrusted … Unacceptable certificate …</em><br /> <em>… Invalid security certificate (Can’t verify identity of server) …</em><br /> <em>… Chain validation failed … timestamp check failed … Certificate expired at …</em><br /></p>
<p><strong>Goneo</strong>: please <a href="https://www.goneo.de/hilfe/email/zertifikatswarnung">see here</a>.</p>
<p>This can be caused by using an incorrect host name, so first double-check the host name in the advanced identity/account settings (tap <em>Manual setup and account options</em>). Please see the documentation of the email provider about the right host name. Sometimes the right host name is in the error message.</p>
<p><del>Another possible cause is <a href="https://github.com/appmattus/certificatetransparency">Certificate transparency</a> failing, so try disabling it in the connection settings tab page.</del></p>
<p>You should try to fix this by contacting your provider or by getting a valid security certificate because invalid security certificates are insecure and allow <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attack">man-in-the-middle attacks</a>. If money is an obstacle, you can get free security certificates from <a href="https://letsencrypt.org">Let’s Encrypt</a>.</p>
<p>The quick, but unsafe solution (not advised), is to enable <em>Insecure connections</em> in the advanced identity settings (navigation menu, tap <em>Settings</em>, tap <em>Manual setup</em>, tap <em>Identities</em>, tap the identity, tap <em>Advanced</em>).</p>
<p>Alternatively, you can accept the fingerprint of invalid server certificates like this:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>Make sure you are using a trusted internet connection (no public Wi-Fi networks, etc.)</li>
<li>Go to the setup screen via the navigation menu (swipe from the left side inwards)</li>
<li>Tap Manual setup, tap Accounts/Identities and tap the faulty account and identity</li>
<li>Check/save the account and identity</li>
<li>Tick the checkbox below the error message and save again</li>
</ol>
<p>This will “pin” the server certificate to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks.</p>
<p>Note that older Android versions might not recognize newer certification authorities like Let’s Encrypt causing connections to be considered insecure, see also <a href="https://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-ssl">here</a>. In such cases, you can install the required root/intermediate certificates, for example, the often used <a href="https://letsencrypt.org/ca/certificates/">Let’s encrypt root certificates</a>.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><em>Trust anchor for certification path not found</em></p>
<p><em>… java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Trust anchor for certification path not found …</em> means that the default Android trust manager was not able to verify the server certificate chain.</p>
<p>This could be due to the root certificate not being installed on your device or because intermediate certificates are missing, for example because the email server didn’t send them.</p>
<p>You can fix the first problem by downloading and installing the root certificate from the website of the provider of the certificate.</p>
<p>The second problem should be fixed by changing the server configuration or by importing the intermediate certificates on your device.</p>
<p>You can pin the certificate, too, see above.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><em>Empty password</em></p>
<p>Your username is likely easily guessed, so this is pretty insecure, unless the SMTP server is available via a restricted local network or a VPN only.</p>
<p><em>Plain text connection</em></p>
<p>Your username and password and all messages will be sent and received unencrypted, which is <strong>very insecure</strong> because a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attack">man-in-the-middle attack</a> is very simple on an unencrypted connection.</p>
<p>If you still want to use an invalid security certificate, an empty password or a plain text connection, you’ll need to enable insecure connections in the account and/or identity settings. STARTTLS should be selected for plain text connections. If you enable insecure connections, you should connect via private, trusted networks only and never via public networks, such as are offered in hotels, airports, etc.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><a name="faq5"></a> <strong>(5) How can I customize the message view?</strong></p>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23faq5">Google Translate</a></p>
<p>In the three dot overflow menu you can enable or disable or select:</p>
<ul>
<li><em>text size</em>: for three different font sizes</li>
<li><em>compact view</em>: for more condensed message items and a smaller message text font</li>
</ul>
<p>In the display section of the settings you can enable or disable for example:</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Unified inbox</em>: to disable the unified inbox and to list the folders selected for the unified inbox instead</li>
<li><em>Tabular style</em>: to show a linear list instead of cards</li>
<li><em>Group by date</em>: show date header above messages with the same date</li>
<li><em>Conversation threading</em>: to disable conversation threading and to show individual messages instead</li>
<li><em>Conversation action bar</em>: to disable the bottom navigation bar</li>
<li><em>Highlight color</em>: to select a color for the sender of unread messages</li>
<li><em>Show contact photos</em>: to hide contact photos</li>
<li><em>Show names and email addresses</em>: to show names or to show names and email addresses</li>
<li><em>Show subject italic</em>: to show the message subject as normal text</li>
<li><em>Show stars</em>: to hide stars (favorites)</li>
<li><em>Show message preview</em>: to show 1-4 lines of the message text</li>
<li><em>Show address details by default</em>: to expand the addresses section by default</li>
<li><em>Automatically show original message for known contacts</em>: to automatically show original messages for contacts on your device, please read <a href="#faq35">this FAQ</a></li>
<li><em>Automatically show images for known contacts</em>: to automatically show images for contacts on your device, please read <a href="#faq35">this FAQ</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Note that messages can be previewed only when the message text was downloaded. Larger message texts are not downloaded by default on metered (generally mobile) networks. You can change this in the connection settings.</p>
<p>Some people ask:</p>
<ul>
<li>to show the subject text in bold font, but that is already being used as an indicator for unread messages</li>
<li>to move the star to the left, but it is much easier to toggle the star on the right side</li>
</ul>
<p><br /></p>
<p><a name="faq6"></a> <strong>(6) How can I login to Gmail / G suite?</strong></p>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23faq6">Google Translate</a></p>
<p><strong>FairEmail fully supports OAuth through the quick setup wizard and will continue to work after May 30, please see below what to do if you used your account password to set up an account.</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Important: using your <em>account</em> password <a href="https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/6010255">won’t be possible anymore from May 30, 2022</a>.</strong></p>
<p>“<em>To help keep your account secure, starting May 30, 2022, Google will no longer support the use of third-party apps or devices which ask you to sign in to your Google Account using only your username and password.</em>”</p>
<p>✅ If you authorized your Gmail account with the quick setup wizard or manually with an app password, your account will keep being synchronized after May 30, 2022.</p>
<p>❌ If you enabled <em>Less secure apps</em> in the Google account settings and authorized your Gmail account manually with your normal account password, your account can’t be synchronized from May 30, 2022 anymore. The app will show the error <strong>Invalid credentials (Failure)</strong>.</p>
<p>How to check:</p>
<ul>
<li>Go to the <em>Settings</em> via the navigation menu (left side menu)</li>
<li>Tap on <em>Manual setup and account options</em></li>
<li>Tap on <em>Accounts</em></li>
<li>Find the account in the list</li>
<li>If there is a shield icon before the account name (=OAuth), the account will keep working</li>
</ul>
<p>How to fix:</p>
<ul>
<li>Go to the <em>Settings</em> via the navigation menu (left side menu)</li>
<li>Tap on the <em>Wizard</em> button and select <em>Gmail (OAuth)</em></li>
<li>Tick the checkbox to authenticate an existing account (else you’ll create a new account!)</li>
<li>Fill in the fields and follow the steps</li>
<li>Repeat for each account</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Note that other email apps, possibly on other devices, which still use your account password could cause your account to be blocked!</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<p>If you use the Play store or GitHub version of FairEmail, you can use the quick setup wizard to easily setup a Gmail account and identity. The Gmail quick setup wizard is not available for third party builds, such as the F-Droid build, because Google approved the use of OAuth for official builds only.</p>
<p>When using OAuth with multiple Google accounts, other Google accounts probably need to be logged out first.</p>
<p>The “<em>Gmail (Android)</em>” quick setup wizard won’t work if the Android account manager doesn’t work or doesn’t support Google accounts, which is typically the case if the account selection is being <em>canceled</em> right away.</p>
<p>If you don’t want to use or can’t use OAuth or an on-device Google account, for example on recent Huawei devices, you can <del>either enable access for “less secure apps” and use your account password (not advised) or</del> enable two factor authentication and use an app specific password. To use a password, you can use the quick setup wizard and select <em>Other provider</em>.</p>
<p><strong>Important</strong>: sometimes Google issues this alert:</p>
<p><em>[ALERT] Please log in via your web browser</em></p>
<p><del>This Google security check is triggered more often with <em>less secure apps</em> enabled, even less with an app password, and hardly ever when using an on-device account (OAuth).</del> You might see the error <em>OAUTH2 asked for more</em>, which basically says the connection is temporarily blocked, until you confirm it is you.</p>
<p>Note that an app specific password is required when two factor authentication is enabled. After enabling two factor authentication there will be this error message:</p>
<p><em>[ALERT] Application-specific password required: https://support.google.com/mail/accounts/answer/185833 (Failure)</em></p>
<p>The error message “<em>Authentication failed - Invalid credentials</em>” or <em>Token refresh required</em> means that the Android account manager was not able to refresh the access token, or that getting an access token was not allowed, for example when the account is a <a href="https://support.google.com/families/answer/7101025">Family Link</a> account or any other delegated account, in which case you can use the Gmail app only. A common cause for this problem is using a VPN, a firewall app or an ad blocker which blocks internet access for the Android account manager. Please make sure permissions were granted to the app via setup step 2. You can try to work around this issue by using the quick setup wizard <em>Gmail (Oauth)</em> or by using an app password.</p>
<p><em>[ALERT] IMAP access is not allowed for this account.</em></p>
<p>This means that it is a <a href="https://families.google.com/familylink/">Google Family Link</a> account for a child under the age of 13. Please see <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/ios/comments/x0dklz/i_give_up_adding_google_email_account_to_my/">here</a> for a solution.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><a name="faq6-app"></a></p>
<p><em>App specific password</em></p>
<p>See <a href="https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/185833">here</a> about how to generate an app specific password.</p>
<p>To configure a new Gmail account with an app password, please tap on the wizard button in the main settings screen and select <em>Other provider</em> (not Gmail!) and follow the steps (paste the app password in the password field).</p>
<p>To configure an existing Gmail account with an app password, please tap on <em>Manual setup and account options</em> in the main settings screen, tap on <em>Accounts</em>, tap on the account and tap on the pencil icon after the password and select <em>Switch to password authentication</em> and paste the app password.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><del><em>Enable “Less secure apps”</em></del></p>
<p><del><strong>Important</strong>: using this method is not recommended because it is less reliable.</del></p>
<p><del><strong>Important</strong>: Gsuite accounts authorized with a username/password will stop working <a href="https://gsuiteupdates.googleblog.com/2019/12/less-secure-apps-oauth-google-username-password-incorrect.html">in the near future</a>.</del></p>
<p><del>See <a href="https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/6010255">here</a> about how to enable “less secure apps”</del> <del>or go <a href="https://www.google.com/settings/security/lesssecureapps">directy to the setting</a>.</del></p>
<p><del>If you use multiple Gmail accounts, make sure you change the “less secure apps” setting of the right account(s).</del></p>
<p><del>Be aware that you need to leave the “less secure apps” settings screen by using the back arrow to apply the setting.</del></p>
<p><del>If you use this method, you should use a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength">strong password</a> for your Gmail account, which is a good idea anyway.</del> <del>Note that using the <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3501">standard</a> IMAP protocol in itself is not less secure.</del></p>
<p><del>When “less secure apps” is not enabled,</del> <del>you’ll get the error <em>Authentication failed - invalid credentials</em> for accounts (IMAP)</del> <del>and <em>Username and Password not accepted</em> for identities (SMTP).</del></p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><em>General</em></p>
<p>You might get the alert “<em>Please log in via your web browser</em>”. This happens when Google considers the network that connects you to the internet (this could be a VPN) to be unsafe. This can be prevented by using the Gmail quick setup wizard or an app specific password.</p>
<p>See <a href="https://support.google.com/mail/answer/7126229">here</a> for Google’s instructions and <a href="https://support.google.com/mail/accounts/answer/78754">here</a> for troubleshooting.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><a name="faq7"></a> <strong>(7) Why are sent messages not appearing (immediately) in the sent folder?</strong></p>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23faq7">Google Translate</a></p>
<p>Sent messages are normally moved from the outbox to the sent folder as soon as your provider adds sent messages to the sent folder. This requires a sent folder to be selected in the account settings and the sent folder to be set to synchronizing.</p>
<p>Some providers do not keep track of sent messages, or the used SMTP server might not be related to the provider. In these cases, FairEmail, will automatically add sent messages to the sent folder on synchronizing the sent folder, which will happen after a message has been sent. Note that this will result in extra internet traffic.</p>
<p><del>If this doesn’t happen, your provider might not keep track of sent messages or you might be using an SMTP server not related to the provider.</del> <del>In these cases, you can enable the advanced identity setting <em>Store sent messages</em> to let FairEmail add sent messages to the sent folder right after sending a message.</del> <del>Note that enabling this setting might result in duplicate messages if your provider adds sent messages to the sent folder, too.</del> <del>Also beware of enabling this setting since it will result in extra data usage, especially when sending messages with large attachments.</del></p>
<p><del>If sent messages in the outbox are not found in the sent folder on a full synchronize, they will be moved from the outbox to the sent folder too.</del> <del>A full synchronize happens when reconnecting to the server or when synchronizing periodically or manually.</del> <del>You’ll likely want to enable the advanced setting <em>Store sent messages</em> instead to move messages to the sent folder sooner.</del></p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><a name="faq8"></a> <strong>(8) Can I use a Microsoft Exchange account?</strong></p>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23faq8">Google Translate</a></p>
<p>Firstly, Exchange <em>protocol</em> (EWS) is not the same as Exchange <em>server</em> or Exchange <em>account</em>.</p>
<p>The Microsoft Exchange Web Services ™ (EWS) protocol <a href="https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/Exchange-Team-Blog/Upcoming-changes-to-Exchange-Web-Services-EWS-API-for-Office-365/ba-p/608055">is being phased out</a>. Microsoft stopped updating the EWS libraries <a href="https://github.com/OfficeDev/ews-java-api">in 2016</a>. So, it makes little sense to add this protocol anymore. Moreover, Microsoft announced that <a href="https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/exchange-team-blog/retirement-of-exchange-web-services-in-exchange-online/ba-p/3924440">EWS will be retired on October 1, 2026</a>. Please don’t leave a bad review for this. This cannot be added because Microsoft no longer provides the tools for this!</p>
<p>You can use a Microsoft Exchange account if it is accessible via IMAP, which is almost always the case because all Exchange servers support the standard IMAP protocol. See <a href="https://support.office.com/en-us/article/what-is-a-microsoft-exchange-account-47f000aa-c2bf-48ac-9bc2-83e5c6036793">here</a> for more information.</p>
<p>Note that the desciption of FairEmail starts with the remark that non-standard protocols, like Microsoft Exchange Web Services ™ and Microsoft ActiveSync ™ are not supported.</p>
<p>Please see <a href="https://support.office.com/en-us/article/pop-imap-and-smtp-settings-for-outlook-com-d088b986-291d-42b8-9564-9c414e2aa040">here</a> for the Microsoft documentation about configuring an email client. There is also a section about common connection errors and solutions.</p>
<p>Some older Exchange server versions have a bug causing empty message and corrupt attachments. Please see <a href="#faq110">this FAQ</a> for a workaround.</p>
<p>Please see <a href="#faq133">this FAQ</a> about ActiveSync ™ support.</p>
<p>Please see <a href="#faq111">this FAQ</a> about OAuth support.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><a name="faq9"></a> <strong>(9) What are identities / how do I add an alias / configure a default CC or BCC address?</strong></p>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23faq9">Google Translate</a></p>
<p>Identities represent email addresses you are sending <em>from</em> via an email (SMTP) server.</p>
<p>Some providers allow you to have multiple aliases addresses. Unfortunately, an email app cannot automatically discover alias email addresses, which means you have to configure them yourself.</p>
<p>The easiest way to create an alias address is to use the mini <em>Create alias</em> wizard. For this, please go to the settings via the navigation menu (left side menu), tap on <em>Manual setup and account options</em>, tap on <em>Identities</em>, long press the main identity, and select <em>Create alias</em>.</p>
<p>For more options, you can copy the main identity by long pressing on it, and change the email address and perhaps the (display) name. You should not change the username!</p>
<p>Note that you can select the default sending address via the three-dots overflow menu at the top right of the message editor (not the start screen!).</p>
<p><strong>Important</strong>: In the case of an Outlook (consumer) account, you should first authenticate the account again with the “Outlook/Office” wizard, else there will probably the error ‘… <em>NoPrimarySmtpAddress</em> …’.</p>
<p><strong>In many cases, an alias address must first be verified via the website of the mail provider</strong></p>
<p>Alternatively, you can enable <em>Allow editing sender address</em> in the advanced settings of an existing identity to edit the username when composing a new message, if your provider allows this. Considering the email address test@example.org you can use these special username formats:</p>
<ul>
<li>“<em>+extra</em>” will result in the email address “<em>test+extra@example.org</em>”</li>
<li>“<em><span class="citation" data-cites="extra">@extra</span></em>” will result in the email address “<em>test@extra.example.org</em>”</li>
<li>“<em>Some name, username</em>” will result in the email address “<em>Some name, <username@example.org></em>” (since version 1.2032)</li>
</ul>
<p>You can configure a default CC, BCC and/or reply-to address in the advanced identity settings. Since version 1.2326 you can use the following placeholders in these default addressess:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>$from$</code>: the full ‘from’ address</li>
<li><code>$user$</code>: the username of the ‘from’ address</li>
<li><code>$domain$</code>: the domain name of the ‘from’ address</li>
<li><code>$extra$</code>: the extra as explained above</li>
</ul>
<p>FairEmail will automatically update the passwords of related identities when you update the password of the associated account or a related identity.</p>
<p>See <a href="#faq33">this FAQ</a> on editing the username of email addresses.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><a name="faq10"></a> <strong><del>(10) What does ‘UIDPLUS not supported’ mean?</del></strong></p>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23faq10">Google Translate</a></p>
<p><del>The error message <em>UIDPLUS not supported</em> means that your email provider does not provide the IMAP <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4315">UIDPLUS extension</a>. This IMAP extension is required to implement two way synchronization, which is not an optional feature. So, unless your provider can enable this extension, you cannot use FairEmail for this provider.</del></p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><a name="faq11"></a> <strong><del>(11) Why is POP not supported?</del></strong></p>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23faq11">Google Translate</a></p>
<p>POP3 is supported!</p>
<p><del>Besides that any decent email provider supports <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol">IMAP</a> these days,</del> <del>using <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Office_Protocol">POP</a> will result in unnecessary extra battery usage and delayed new message notifications.</del> <del>Moreover, POP is unsuitable for two way synchronization and more often than not people read and write messages on different devices these days.</del></p>
<p><del>Basically, POP supports only downloading and deleting messages from the inbox.</del> <del>So, common operations like setting message attributes (read, starred, answered, etc), adding (backing up) and moving messages is not possible.</del></p>
<p><del>See also <a href="https://support.google.com/mail/answer/7104828">what Google writes about it</a>.</del></p>
<p><del>For example <a href="https://support.google.com/mail/answer/21289">Gmail can import messages</a> from another POP account,</del> <del>which can be used as a workaround for when your provider doesn’t support IMAP.</del></p>
<p><del>tl;dr; consider to switch to IMAP.</del></p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><a name="faq12"></a> <strong>(12) How does encryption/decryption work?</strong></p>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23faq12">Google Translate</a></p>
<p>Communication with email servers is always encrypted, unless you explicitly turned this off. This question is about optional end-to-end encryption with PGP or S/MIME.</p>
<p>The sender and recipient should first agree on this and exchange signed messages to transfer their public key to be able to send encrypted messages. There is a gesture icon button just above the text of a received message on the right to verify a signature and store the public key.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><em>General</em></p>
<p>Please <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography">see here</a> about how public/private key encryption works.</p>
<p>Encryption in short:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Outgoing</strong> messages are encrypted with the <strong>public key</strong> of the recipient</li>
<li><strong>Incoming</strong> messages are decrypted with the <strong>private key</strong> of the recipient</li>
</ul>
<p>Signing in short:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Outgoing</strong> messages are signed with the <strong>private key</strong> of the sender</li>
<li><strong>Incoming</strong> messages are verified with the <strong>public key</strong> of the sender</li>
</ul>
<p>To sign/encrypt a message, just select the appropriate method in the send dialog. The simplest way to show the send dialog (again) is to long press the <em>Send</em> button in the bottom action bar. It might be necessary to disable signing/encryption with the padlock icon in the top action bar first, to prevent the select key dialog, etc. from being in the way. The encryption method will be remembered for the selected identity (at the top of the message editor).</p>
<p>To verify a signature or to decrypt a received message, open the message and just tap the gesture or padlock icon just below the message action bar.</p>
<p>The first time you send a signed/encrypted message, you might be asked for a sign key. FairEmail will automatically store the selected sign key in the used identity for the next time. If you need to reset the sign key, just save the identity or long press the identity in the list of identities and select <em>Reset sign key</em>. The selected sign key is visible in the list of identities. If you need to select a key on a case by case basis, you can create multiple identities for the same account with the same email address.</p>
<p>In the encryption settings, you can select the default encryption method (PGP or S/MIME), enable <em>Sign by default</em>, <em>Encrypt by default</em> and <em>Automatically decrypt messages</em>, but be aware that automatic decryption is not possible if user interaction is required, like selecting a key or reading a security token.</p>
<p>The to be encrypted message text/attachments and the decrypted message text/attachments are stored locally only and will never be added to the remote server. If you want to undo decryption, you can tap on the “close” padlock icon.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><em>PGP</em></p>
<p>You’ll need to install and configure <a href="https://f-droid.org/en/packages/org.sufficientlysecure.keychain/">OpenKeychain</a> or <a href="https://github.com/norsehorse-dev/PGPonyAndroid">PGPony</a> first. FairEmail was tested with OpenKeychain version 5.4 and PGPony 4.1.1. Later versions will most likely be compatible, but earlier versions might not be.</p>
<p><strong>Note</strong> that you need to select the correct OpenPGP provider on the encryption settings tab page.</p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/norsehorse-dev/PGPonyAndroid">PGPony for Android</a> is reported to work too. You can select the PGP provider on the encryption settings tab page.</p>
<p><strong>Important</strong>: the OpenKeychain app is known to (silently) crash when the calling app (FairEmail) is not authorized yet and is getting an existing public key. You can workaround this by trying to send a signed/encrypted message to a sender with an unknown public key.</p>
<p><strong>Important</strong>: if the OpenKeychain app cannot find a key (anymore), you might need to reset a previously selected key. This can be done by long pressing an identity in the list of identities (Settings, tap Manual setup, tap Identities).</p>
<p><strong>Important</strong>: to let apps like FairEmail reliably connect to the OpenKeychain service to encrypt/decrypt messages, it might be necessary to disable battery optimizations for the OpenKeychain app.</p>
<p><strong>Important</strong>: the OpenKeychain app reportedly needs contacts permission to work correctly.</p>
<p><strong>Important</strong>: on some Android versions / devices it is necessary to enable <em>Show popups while running in background</em> in the additional permissions of the Android app settings of the OpenKeychain app. Without this permission the draft will be saved, but the OpenKeychain popup to confirm/select might not appear.</p>
<p>FairEmail will send the <a href="https://autocrypt.org/">Autocrypt</a> header for use by other email clients, but only for signed and encrypted messages because too many email servers have problems with the often long Autocrypt header. Note that the most secure way to start an encrypted email exchange is by sending signed messages first. There is an encryption option to send signed messages by default. Alternatively, this can enabled for a specific identity in the advanced identity settings. Received Autocrypt headers will be sent to the OpenKeychain app for storage on verifying a signature or decrypting a message.</p>
<p>Although this shouldn’t be necessary for most email clients, you can attach your public key to a message and if you use <em>.key</em> as extension, the mime type will correctly be <em>application/pgp-keys</em>.</p>
<p>All key handling is delegated to the OpenKey chain app for security reasons. This also means that FairEmail does not store PGP keys.</p>
<p>Inline encrypted PGP in received messages is supported, but inline PGP signatures and inline PGP in outgoing messages is not supported, see <a href="https://josefsson.org/inline-openpgp-considered-harmful.html">here</a> about why not.</p>
<p>If you wish to verify a signature manually, check <em>Show inline attachments</em> and save the files <em>content.asc</em> (the signed content) and <em>signature.asc</em> (the digital signature). Install <a href="https://www.gnupg.org/">GnuPG</a> on your preferred operating system and execute this command:</p>
<p><code>gpg --verify signature.asc.pgp content.asc</code></p>
<p>Signed-only or encrypted-only messages are not a good idea, please see here about why not:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.openkeychain.org/openpgp-considerations-part-i">OpenPGP Considerations Part I</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.openkeychain.org/openpgp-considerations-part-ii">OpenPGP Considerations Part II</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.openkeychain.org/openpgp-considerations-part-iii-autocrypt">OpenPGP Considerations Part III Autocrypt</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Signed-only messages are supported, and encrypted-only messages are supported since version 1.2053.</p>
<p>Common errors:</p>
<ul>
<li><em>No key</em>: there is no PGP key available for one of the listed email addresses.</li>
<li><em>No key found!</em>: the PGP key stored in the identity probably doesn’t exist anymore. Resetting the key (see above) will probably fix this problem.</li>
<li><em>Missing key for encryption</em>: there is probably a key selected in FairEmail that does not exist in the OpenKeychain app anymore. Resetting the key (see above) will probably fix this problem.</li>
<li><em>Key for signature verification is missing</em>: the public key for the sender is not available in the OpenKeychain app. This can also be caused by Autocrypt being disabled in the encryption settings or by the Autocrypt header not being sent.</li>
<li><em>Message signature valid but not confirmed</em>: the signature is okay, but the public key still needs to be confirmed in the OpenKeychain app.</li>
<li><em>OpenPgp error 0: null</em> / <em>OpenPgp error 0: General error</em>: please check the key in the OpenKeychain app and make sure there are no conflicting identities for the key and make sure the email address exactly matches the key, including lower/upper case. Also, make sure the key can be used to sign/encrypt and isn’t for encrypting/signing only.</li>
<li><em>OpenPgp error 0: Encountered an error reading input data!</em>: your public key has the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_encryption">AEAD</a> flag set, but the message was encrypted in the older MDC (Modification Detection Code) mode by the sender. For example the Posteo email server does this erroneously. Workaround: <a href="https://github.com/keybase/keybase-issues/issues/4025#issuecomment-853933127">remove the AEAD flag</a> from the key.</li>
<li><em>OpenPGP error 0: An OpenPGP exception occurred during an operation.”</em>: an imported private key is probably incompatible with the OpenKeychain app.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Important</strong>: if <em>Don’t keep activities</em> is enabled in the Android developer options, FairEmail and the OpenKeychain app cannot run at the same time, causing PGP operations to fail. If needed, please <a href="https://developer.android.com/studio/debug/dev-options#enable">see here</a> about how to enable the developer options.</p>
<p><strong>Important</strong>: Android 8.1.0 on Tecno CF8 Camon 11 Pro devices blocks communication between apps with the message “<em>AutoStart limited</em>” in the system logcat. So, FairEmail (or any other app) can’t communicate with the OpenKeychain app.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><em>S/MIME</em></p>
<p>Encrypting a message requires the public key(s) of the recipient(s). Signing a message requires your private key.</p>
<p>Private keys are stored by Android and can be imported via the Android advanced security settings (Encryption & credentials, Install a certificate, VPN & app user certificate). There is a shortcut (button) for this in the encryption settings for Android version 10 and before. Android will ask you to set a PIN, pattern, or password if you didn’t before. If you have a Nokia device with Android 9, please <a href="https://nokiamob.net/2019/08/10/a-bug-prevents-nokia-1-owners-from-unlocking-their-screen-even-with-right-pin-pattern/">read this first</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Important</strong>: If Android doesn’t accept the password of a certificate, it probably means it doesn’t support the certificate’s encryption method. The solution is to convert the certificate like this:</p>
<pre><code>openssl pkcs12 -nodes <your.p12 >certbag.pem
openssl pkcs12 -export -legacy -in certbag.pem >legacy.p12</code></pre>
<p>Note that .p12 and .pfx are interchangeable. You can find more information about this issue <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71872900/installing-pcks12-certificate-in-android-wrong-password-bug">here</a></p>
<p><br></p>
<p>Note that certificates can contains multiple keys for multiple purposes, for example for authentication, encryption and signing. Android only imports the first key, so to import all the keys, the certificate must first be split. This is not very trivial and you are advised to ask the certificate supplier for support.</p>
<p>If you renewed a certificate, you should import the renewed certificate and reset the key. This can be done by long pressing an identity in the list of identities (Settings, tap Manual setup, tap Identities).</p>
<p>Note that S/MIME signing with other algorithms than RSA is supported, but be aware that other email clients might not support this. S/MIME encryption is possible with asymmetric algorithms only, which means in practice using RSA.</p>
<p>The default encryption method is PGP, but the last used encryption method will be remembered for the selected identity for the next time. You can long press on the send button to change the encryption method for an identity. If you use both PGP and S/MIME encryption for the same email address, it might be useful to copy the identity, so you can change the encryption method by selecting one of the two identities. You can long press an identity in the list of identities (via manual setup in the main setup screen) to copy an identity.</p>
<p>To allow different private keys for the same email address, for example, a key for signing and a key for encryption, FairEmail will always let you select a key when there are multiple identities with the same email address for the same account.</p>
<p>From version 1.2278 the app can store a sign and an encryption key. To configure this properly, please reset the keys (see above for about how to), sign a message and select the signing key, and encrypt a message, and select the encryption key.</p>
<p>Public keys are stored by FairEmail and can be imported when verifying a signature for the first time or via the encryption settings (PEM or DER format).</p>
<p>FairEmail verifies both the signature and the complete certificate chain.</p>
<p>Common errors:</p>
<ul>
<li><em>No certificate found matching targetContraints</em>: this likely means you are using an old version of FairEmail</li>
<li><em>unable to find valid certification path to requested target</em>: basically this means one or more intermediate or root certificates were not found</li>
<li><em>Private key does not match any encryption keys</em>: the selected key cannot be used to decrypt the message, probably because it is the incorrect key</li>
<li><em>No private key</em>: no certificate was selected or no certificate was available in the Android keystore</li>
<li><em>Memory allocation failed</em>: Android supports keys up to 4096 bits only (Android <a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/199605614">issue 199605614</a>)</li>
<li><em>message-digest attribute value does not match calculated value</em>: the signature doesn’t match the message, possibly because the message was changed, or because an incorrect or key was used</li>
</ul>
<p>In case the certificate chain is incorrect, you can tap on the little info button to show the all certificates. After the certificate details the issuer or “selfSign” is shown. A certificate is self signed when the subject and the issuer are the same. Certificates from a certificate authority (CA) are marked with “<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.2.1.3">keyCertSign</a>”. You can find the description of other key usage bits, like <em>cRLSign</em>, via this same link. Certificates found in the Android key store are marked with “Android”.</p>
<p>A valid chain looks like this:</p>
<pre><code>Your certificate > zero or more intermediate certificates > CA (root) certificate marked with "Android"</code></pre>
<p>Note that a certificate chain will always be invalid when no anchor certificate can be found in the Android key store, which is fundamental to S/MIME certificate validation. This means that your private key should include all intermediate certificates (but not the root certificate). This command might be useful for that:</p>
<pre><code>openssl pkcs12 -export -in certificatechain.crt -inkey private.key -out certificate.pfx</code></pre>
<p>Please see <a href="https://support.google.com/pixelphone/answer/2844832?hl=en">here</a> how you can import certificates into the Android key store.</p>
<p>The use of expired keys, inline encrypted/signed messages and hardware security tokens is not supported.</p>
<p>If you want a free S/MIME certificate, <a href="https://acme.castle.cloud/">see here</a></p>
<p>Posteo offers cheap certificates, <a href="https://posteo.de/blog/neu-bei-posteo-smime-zertifikate-erstellen-und-sofort-nutzen">see here</a> (German).</p>
<p>How to extract a public key from a S/MIME certificate:</p>
<pre><code>openssl pkcs12 -in filename.pfx/p12 -clcerts -nokeys -out cert.pem</code></pre>
<p>You can verify the signature of a raw message file (EML file) like this:</p>
<pre><code>openssl smime -verify <xxx.eml</code></pre>
<p>You can decode S/MIME signatures, etc, <a href="https://lapo.it/asn1js/">here</a>.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><del><em>Planck Security</em> (formerly: <em>pretty Easy privacy</em> or p≡p)</del></p>
<p><del>There is still no approved standard for p≡p and not many people are using it.</del></p>
<p><del>However, FairEmail can send and receive PGP encrypted messages, which are compatible with p≡p.</del> <del>Also, FairEmail understands incoming p≡p messages since version 1.1519,</del> <del>so the encrypted subject will be shown and the embedded message text will be shown more nicely.</del></p>
<p><br /></p>
<p>S/MIME sign/encrypt is a pro feature, but all other PGP and S/MIME operations are free to use.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><a name="faq13"></a> <strong>(13) How does search on device/server work?</strong></p>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23faq13">Google Translate</a></p>
<p>You can start searching for messages on sender (from), recipient (to, cc, bcc), subject, keywords or message text by using the magnify glass in the action bar of a folder. You can also search from any app by selecting <em>Search email</em> in the copy/paste popup menu.</p>
<p>Searching in the unified inbox will search in all folders of all accounts, searching in the folder list will search in the associated account only and searching in a folder will search in that folder only.</p>
<p>Messages will be searched for on the device first, unless you use a complex expression, see below.</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>You can download more messages on the device via the three-dots overflow menu in the start screen. There will be an action button with a search again icon at the bottom to continue searching on the server. You can select in which folder to continue the search.</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>The IMAP protocol doesn’t support searching in more than one folder at the same time. Searching on the server is an expensive operation, therefore it is not possible to select multiple folders.</p>
<p>The POP3 protocol doesn’t support searching on the server at all.</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>Searching local (on-device) messages is case insensitive and on partial text. The message text of local messages will not be searched if the message text was not downloaded yet. Searching on the server might be case sensitive or case insensitive and might be on partial text or whole words, depending on the provider.</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>Some servers cannot handle searching in the message text when there are a large number of messages. For this case there is an option to disable searching in the message text. Since version 1.1888 a popup message will be shown and the search will automatically be retried without searching in the message text.</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>It is possible to use Gmail search operators by prefixing a search command with <em>raw:</em>. If you configured just one Gmail account, you can start a raw search directly on the server by searching from the unified inbox. If you configured multiple Gmail accounts, you’ll first need to navigate to the folder list or the archive (all messages) folder of the Gmail account you want to search in. Please <a href="https://support.google.com/mail/answer/7190">see here</a> for the possible search operators. For example:</p>
<p><code>raw:larger:10M</code></p>
<p><br></p>
<p>Searching through a large number of messages on the device is not very fast because of two limitations:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.sqlite.org/">sqlite</a>, the database engine of Android has a record size limit, preventing message texts from being stored in the database</li>
<li>Android apps get only limited memory to work with, even if the device has plenty memory available</li>
</ul>
<p>This means that searching for a message text requires that files containing the message texts need to be opened one by one to check if the searched text is contained in the file, which is a relatively expensive process.</p>
<p>In the <em>miscellaneous settings</em> you can enable <em>Build search index</em> to significantly increase the speed of searching on the device, but be aware that this will increase battery and storage space usage. The search index is based on <ins>whole</ins> words in all message parts, so searching for partial text and searching in specific messages parts (from, subject, text, etc) is not possible.</p>
<p>Note that only messages for which the message text was downloaded will be indexed. In the connection settings can be configured up to which size messages texts will be downloaded automatically when using a metered connection (generally mobile data or paid WiFi). In the folder properties (long press on a folder in the folder list of an account) downloading of messages texts can be enabled/disabled.</p>
<p>Using the search index is a pro feature.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p>Since version 1.1315 it is possible to use search expressions like this:</p>
<pre><code>apple +banana -cherry ?nuts</code></pre>
<p>This will result in searching in the subject or text (only) like this:</p>
<pre><code>("apple" AND "banana" AND NOT "cherry") OR "nuts"</code></pre>
<p><br></p>
<p>Since version 1.1980 it is possible to use these prefixes as a search expression:</p>
<pre><code>from:<email address>
to:<email address>
cc:<email address>
bcc:<email address>
keyword:<keyword></code></pre>
<p>There should be <ins>no space</ins> between the prefix and the search term, which will be applied as an AND-condition.</p>
<p>This will <strong>only</strong> work for searching on the server!</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>Only AND conditions (+) and NOT conditions (-) can be used for on-device searching (since version 1.1981). If you try to use other search expressions, you get the error <em>Select a folder for a complex search</em>, which means that a folder in an account’s folder list must be selected in order to perform the search on the server.</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>Since version 1.1733 it is possible to save searches, which means that a named entry in the navigation menu will be created to repeat the same search later. You can save a search after searching by tapping on the save button in the top action bar. After repeating a search there will be a delete button at the same place to delete a saved search again. A saved search might be useful to quickly search for starred messages, or for messages from a specific email address, etc.</p>
<p>Using the search index is a pro feature.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><a name="faq14"></a> <strong>(14) How can I set up an Outlook / Live / Hotmail account?</strong></p>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23faq14">Google Translate</a></p>
<p><br /></p>
<p>In the case of the error ‘<em>User is authenticated but not connected</em>’, please see <a href="#faq139">this FAQ</a>.</p>
<p>In the case of the error ‘… <em>The user could not be authenticated as the grant is expired. The user must sign in again.</em> …’, please go to the settings via the navigation menu (left side menu), tap on the wizard button, select <em>Outlook/Office</em> and follow the steps to authenticate the account again.</p>
<p><br></p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>IMPORTANT: If you came here via a warning in the app, you MUST take action!</strong></p>
<p><strong>IMPORTANT: Microsoft seems to disable (app) passwords ahead of schedule for more and more accounts, resulting in “<em>Authentication failed</em>” error messages.</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<p><br /></p>
<blockquote>
<p>🇬🇧 In short: go to settings via the navigation menu (left side menu), tap the wizard button, select “<em>Outlook/Office 365 (OAuth)</em>” and follow the steps.</p>
<p>🇩🇪 Kurz gesagt: Gehen Sie über das Navigationsmenü (Menü auf der linken Seite) zu den Einstellungen, tippen Sie auf die Schaltfläche Assistent, wählen Sie “<em>Outlook/Office 365 (OAuth)</em>” und folgen Sie den Schritten.</p>
<p>🇫🇷 En bref : allez dans les paramètres via le menu de navigation (menu de gauche), appuyez sur le bouton de l’assistant, sélectionnez “<em>Outlook/Office 365 (OAuth)</em>” et suivez les étapes.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><br /></p>
<blockquote>
<p>It takes just two minutes to be prepared (and to resolve “<em>Authentication failed</em>” errors).</p>
<p>If the app said your Outlook accounts will continue to work, you don’t need to do anything.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><br /></p>
<blockquote>
<p>tl;dr; go to settings via the navigation menu (left side menu), tap the wizard button, select “<em>Outlook/Office 365 (OAuth)</em>” and follow the steps.</p>
<p><sub>If you don’t use the account anymore, you can delete it via a button in the “extra” section at the bottom of the main settings screen.</sub></p>
</blockquote>
<p><br /></p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Important</strong>: Basic Authentication <a href="https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/exchange-team-blog/basic-authentication-deprecation-in-exchange-online-may-2022/ba-p/3301866">will be turned off for Office 365 accounts from October 1, 2022</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Important</strong>: Basic Authentication <strong><a href="https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/outlook-blog/keeping-our-outlook-personal-email-users-safe-reinforcing-our/ba-p/4164184">will be turned off for Outlook/Hotmail/Live accounts from September 16, 2024</a></strong>.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><br /></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Microsoft calls password authentication “<em>Basic authentication</em>” and authentication with OAuth “<em>Modern authentication</em>”. Confusingly, using <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OAuth">OAuth</a> also requires entering a password.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><br /></p>
<blockquote>
<p>✅ If you authorized your Outlook/Office 365 account with the quick setup wizard, your account will keep being synchronized after September 16, 2024.</p>
<p>❌ If you authorized your Outlook/Office 365 account manually with a password, <strong>your account won’t be synchronized from September 16, 2024 anymore!</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<p><br /></p>
<blockquote>
<p>How to check:</p>
<ul>
<li>Go to the <em>Settings</em> via the navigation menu (left side menu)</li>
<li>Tap on <em>Manual setup and account options</em></li>
<li>Tap on <em>Accounts</em></li>
<li>Find the account in the list</li>
<li>If there is a shield icon before the account name (=OAuth), the account will keep working</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p><br /></p>
<blockquote>
<p>How to fix:</p>
<ul>
<li>Go to the <em>Settings</em> via the navigation menu (left side menu)</li>
<li>Tap on the <em>Wizard</em> button and select “<em>Outlook/Office 365 (OAuth)</em>”.</li>
<li>Tick the checkbox to authenticate an existing account (else you’ll create a new account!)</li>
<li>Fill in the fields and follow the steps</li>
<li>Repeat for each account</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p><br /></p>
<p>An Outlook / Live / Hotmail account can be set up via the quick setup wizard and selecting “<em>Outlook/Office 365 (OAuth)</em>”.</p>
<p>To use third-party email apps for consumer Outlook accounts, IMAP must be enabled. For this, please go to the Outlook website with a browser, switch to desktop mode (mostly via the three-dot overflow menu of the browser), tap on the settings wheel at the top right, select ‘Mail’, select ‘Forwarding and IMAP’, and in the section ‘POP and IMAP’ enable ‘Let devices and apps use IMAP’.</p>
<p><strong>Important</strong>: a personal and a business account can have the same email address, but have different mailboxes (folders). So, please make sure you select the right option.</p>
<p>Microsoft said “<em>We have turned off SMTP AUTH for millions of tenants not using it</em>”, which can result in this error message:</p>
<pre><code>535 5.7.139 Authentication unsuccessful, SmtpClientAuthentication is disabled for the Tenant.
Visit https://aka.ms/smtp_auth_disabled for more information.</code></pre>
<p>SMTP AUTH is necessary for third party email clients, which is also documented in <a href="https://aka.ms/smtp_auth_disabled">the referenced article</a>. So, basically this means that Microsoft is pushing you to their own products. Isn’t this a bit of a monopoly?</p>
<p>To use an Outlook, Live or Hotmail account with two factor authentication enabled, you might need to create an app password. See <a href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/12409/microsoft-account-app-passwords-two-step-verification">here</a> for the details.</p>
<p><strong>Important</strong>: Microsoft will drop support for app passwords from September 16, 2024.</p>
<p>See <a href="https://support.office.com/en-us/article/pop-imap-and-smtp-settings-for-outlook-com-d088b986-291d-42b8-9564-9c414e2aa040">here</a> for Microsoft’s instructions.</p>
<p>Please see <a href="#faq139">this FAQ</a> for possible causes of the error <em>… User is authenticated but not connected …</em>.</p>
<p>For unknown reasons, some Outlook/Hotmail accounts cannot send messages because of the server error ‘<em>535 5.7.3 Authentication unsuccessful</em>’. This can be resolved by authenticating the account with an (app) password (see above) instead of with OAuth. You should use the “<em>Other provider</em>” wizard instead of “<em>Outlook / Office 365 (OAuth)</em>” in this case.</p>
<p>For setting up an Office 365 account, please see <a href="#faq156">this FAQ</a>.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><a name="faq15"></a> <strong>(15) Why does the message text keep loading?</strong></p>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23faq15">Google Translate</a></p>
<p>The message header and message body are fetched separately from the server. The message text of larger messages is not being pre-fetched on metered connections and will be fetched on demand on expanding a message. The message text will keep loading if there is no connection to the account, see also the next question, or if there other operations, like synchronizing messages, are being executed.</p>
<p>You can check the account and folder list for the account and folder state (see the legend in the navigation menu for the meaning of the icons) and the operation list accessible via the main navigation menu for pending operations (see <a href="#faq3">this FAQ</a> for the meaning of the operations).</p>
<p>If FairEmail is holding off because of prior connectivity issues, please see <a href="#faq123">this FAQ</a>, you can force synchronization via the three dots menu.</p>
<p>In the receive settings you can set the maximum size for automatically downloading of messages on metered connections.</p>
<p>Mobile connections are almost always metered and some (paid) Wi-Fi hotspots are too.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><a name="faq16"></a> <strong>(16) Why are messages not being synchronized?</strong></p>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23faq16">Google Translate</a></p>
<p>Synchronization problems are seldom the fault of the app, but are almost always caused by internet connectivity or email server problems. The first thing to check is whether battery optimizations are <strong>disabled</strong> via setup step 3 in the main settings screen. If you can’t solve the problem, <a href="#get-support">please contact me</a>, and I’ll explain how to send the debug info for a proper anaylysis.</p>
<p>Possible causes of messages not being synchronized (sent or received) are:</p>
<ul>
<li>The account or folder(s) are not set to synchronize</li>
<li>The number of days to synchronize message for is set too low</li>
<li>There is no usable internet connection</li>
<li>The email server is temporarily not available</li>
<li>Battery optimizations were not disable via setup step 3</li>
<li>Android stopped the synchronization service</li>
<li>A memory management app stopped the synchronization service</li>
</ul>
<p>So, check your account and folder settings and check if the accounts/folders are connected (see the legend in the navigation menu for the meaning of the icons).</p>
<p>If there are any error messages, please see <a href="#faq22">this FAQ</a>.</p>
<p>On some devices, where there are lots of applications competing for memory, Android may stop the synchronization service as a last resort.</p>
<p>Some Android versions, especially those of Samsung, OnePlus, Huawei and Xiaomi, stop apps and services too aggressively. See <a href="https://dontkillmyapp.com/">this dedicated website</a> “<em>Don’t kill my app</em>” for solutions, and <a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/122098785">this Android issue</a> (requires logging in with a Google account) for more information.</p>
<p>If you have a <strong>Doogee</strong> device, please <a href="https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/214639/background-apps-get-killed-by-something-other-than-battery-optimization">see here</a>.</p>
<p>On recent <strong>Honor</strong> devices you should disable <em>Manage all automatically</em> under <em>App launch</em> in the Android settings, and enable all manual options for FairEmail by tapping on the app entry, to allow the app to run in the backrgound.</p>
<p>Disabling battery optimizations (setup step 3) reduces the chance Android will stop the synchronization service.</p>
<p>In case of successive connection errors, FairEmail will hold off increasingly longer to not drain the battery of your device. This is described in <a href="#faq123">this FAQ</a>.</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p><a name="faq17"></a> <strong><del>(17) Why does manual synchronize not work?</del></strong></p>
<p>🌎 <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FM66B%2FFairEmail%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FFAQ.md%23faq17">Google Translate</a></p>