diff --git a/vello_gpu_shaders/shaders/helpers/extend.wesl b/vello_gpu_shaders/shaders/helpers/extend.wesl
index 0f963abe9..463833254 100644
--- a/vello_gpu_shaders/shaders/helpers/extend.wesl
+++ b/vello_gpu_shaders/shaders/helpers/extend.wesl
@@ -13,14 +13,22 @@ fn extend_mode(t: f32, mode: u32, max: f32) -> f32 {
             return clamp(t, 0.0, max - 1.0);
         }
         case EXTEND_REPEAT: {
-            return extend_mode_normalized(t / max, mode) * max;
+            return euclid_mod(floor(t), max);
         }
         case EXTEND_REFLECT, default: {
-            return extend_mode_normalized(t / max, mode) * max;
+            let period = max + max;
+            let r = euclid_mod(floor(t), period);
+            return select(r, period - 1.0 - r, r >= max);
         }
     }
 }
 
+fn euclid_mod(t: f32, m: f32) -> f32 {
+    let q = round(t / m);
+    let r = fma(q, -m, t);
+    return select(r, r + m, r < 0.0);
+}
+
 fn extend_mode_normalized(t: f32, mode: u32) -> f32 {
     switch mode {
         case EXTEND_PAD: {
diff --git a/vello_gpu_shaders/shaders/helpers/external_texture.wesl b/vello_gpu_shaders/shaders/helpers/external_texture.wesl
index 64b4e3966..1296977b9 100644
--- a/vello_gpu_shaders/shaders/helpers/external_texture.wesl
+++ b/vello_gpu_shaders/shaders/helpers/external_texture.wesl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 //! Sampling helpers for externally bound image textures.
 
-import package::helpers::extend::extend_mode;
+import package::helpers::extend::{EXTEND_PAD, extend_mode};
 import package::helpers::image::{
     IMAGE_QUALITY_HIGH,
     IMAGE_QUALITY_MEDIUM,
@@ -38,21 +38,16 @@ fn sample_image_paint(
     let packed_tint = image_texel2.y;
     let image_tint = unpack4x8unorm(packed_tint);
     let is_multiply = image_texel2.z == TINT_MODE_MULTIPLY;
-    let extended_xy = vec2<f32>(
-        extend_mode(sample_xy.x, image_extend_modes.x, image_size.x),
-        extend_mode(sample_xy.y, image_extend_modes.y, image_size.y)
-    );
-
     // TODO: add a fast path for images where we are using bilinear sampling and want transparent pixels,
     // using GPU-native bilinear sampling
 
-    let final_xy = image_offset + extended_xy;
     let sample_color = sample_external_image(
         external_texture,
         image_quality,
-        final_xy,
+        sample_xy,
         image_offset,
         image_size,
+        image_extend_modes,
     );
 
     return select(
@@ -62,58 +57,113 @@ fn sample_image_paint(
     );
 }
 
-// This is the same as `helpers::image::bilinear_sample`, but for a 2D texture
-// instead of an atlas texture array.
+fn external_axis_index(coord: f32, extend_mode_id: u32, size: f32) -> i32 {
+    return i32(min(extend_mode(coord, extend_mode_id, size), size - 1.0));
+}
+
+// Bilinear sampling with each tap extended within the source region.
 fn external_bilinear_sample(
     external_texture: texture_2d<f32>,
     coords: vec2<f32>,
     image_offset: vec2<f32>,
     image_size: vec2<f32>,
+    image_extend_modes: vec2<u32>,
 ) -> vec4<f32> {
-    let image_max = image_offset + image_size - vec2(1.0);
-    let clamped_coords = clamp(coords, image_offset, image_max);
-    let coord_quad = vec4(floor(clamped_coords), ceil(clamped_coords));
-    let coord_frac = fract(coords);
-    let a = textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<i32>(coord_quad.xy), 0);
-    let b = textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<i32>(coord_quad.xw), 0);
-    let c = textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<i32>(coord_quad.zy), 0);
-    let d = textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<i32>(coord_quad.zw), 0);
+    let shifted_coords = coords + vec2(0.5);
+    let base_coords = floor(shifted_coords);
+    let coord_frac = shifted_coords - base_coords;
+    var x: vec2<i32>;
+    var y: vec2<i32>;
+
+    if all(image_extend_modes == vec2<u32>(EXTEND_PAD)) {
+        x = vec2<i32>(clamp(
+            base_coords.xx + vec2<f32>(-1.0, 0.0),
+            vec2<f32>(0.0), vec2<f32>(image_size.x - 1.0),
+        ));
+        y = vec2<i32>(clamp(
+            base_coords.yy + vec2<f32>(-1.0, 0.0),
+            vec2<f32>(0.0), vec2<f32>(image_size.y - 1.0),
+        ));
+    } else {
+        x = vec2<i32>(
+            external_axis_index(base_coords.x - 1.0, image_extend_modes.x, image_size.x),
+            external_axis_index(base_coords.x, image_extend_modes.x, image_size.x),
+        );
+        y = vec2<i32>(
+            external_axis_index(base_coords.y - 1.0, image_extend_modes.y, image_size.y),
+            external_axis_index(base_coords.y, image_extend_modes.y, image_size.y),
+        );
+    }
+    let offset = vec2<i32>(image_offset);
+    let a = textureLoad(external_texture, offset + vec2<i32>(x.x, y.x), 0);
+    let b = textureLoad(external_texture, offset + vec2<i32>(x.x, y.y), 0);
+    let c = textureLoad(external_texture, offset + vec2<i32>(x.y, y.x), 0);
+    let d = textureLoad(external_texture, offset + vec2<i32>(x.y, y.y), 0);
     return mix(mix(a, b, coord_frac.y), mix(c, d, coord_frac.y), coord_frac.x);
 }
 
-// This is the same as `helpers::image::bicubic_sample`, but for a 2D texture
-// instead of an atlas texture array.
+// Bicubic sampling with each tap extended within the source region.
 @if(image_bicubic)
 fn external_bicubic_sample(
     external_texture: texture_2d<f32>,
     coords: vec2<f32>,
     image_offset: vec2<f32>,
     image_size: vec2<f32>,
+    image_extend_modes: vec2<u32>,
 ) -> vec4<f32> {
-    let image_max = image_offset + image_size - vec2(1.0);
-    let frac_coords = fract(coords + 0.5);
+    let shifted_coords = coords + vec2(0.5);
+    let base_coords = floor(shifted_coords);
+    let frac_coords = shifted_coords - base_coords;
     let cx = cubic_weights(frac_coords.x);
     let cy = cubic_weights(frac_coords.y);
 
-    let s00 = textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<i32>(clamp(coords + vec2(-1.5, -1.5), image_offset, image_max)), 0);
-    let s10 = textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<i32>(clamp(coords + vec2(-0.5, -1.5), image_offset, image_max)), 0);
-    let s20 = textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<i32>(clamp(coords + vec2(0.5, -1.5), image_offset, image_max)), 0);
-    let s30 = textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<i32>(clamp(coords + vec2(1.5, -1.5), image_offset, image_max)), 0);
+    var x: vec4<i32>;
+    var y: vec4<i32>;
 
-    let s01 = textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<i32>(clamp(coords + vec2(-1.5, -0.5), image_offset, image_max)), 0);
-    let s11 = textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<i32>(clamp(coords + vec2(-0.5, -0.5), image_offset, image_max)), 0);
-    let s21 = textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<i32>(clamp(coords + vec2(0.5, -0.5), image_offset, image_max)), 0);
-    let s31 = textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<i32>(clamp(coords + vec2(1.5, -0.5), image_offset, image_max)), 0);
+    if all(image_extend_modes == vec2<u32>(EXTEND_PAD)) {
+        x = vec4<i32>(clamp(
+            base_coords.xxxx + vec4<f32>(-2.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0),
+            vec4<f32>(0.0), vec4<f32>(image_size.x - 1.0),
+        ));
+        y = vec4<i32>(clamp(
+            base_coords.yyyy + vec4<f32>(-2.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0),
+            vec4<f32>(0.0), vec4<f32>(image_size.y - 1.0),
+        ));
+    } else {
+        x = vec4<i32>(
+            external_axis_index(base_coords.x - 2.0, image_extend_modes.x, image_size.x),
+            external_axis_index(base_coords.x - 1.0, image_extend_modes.x, image_size.x),
+            external_axis_index(base_coords.x, image_extend_modes.x, image_size.x),
+            external_axis_index(base_coords.x + 1.0, image_extend_modes.x, image_size.x),
+        );
+        y = vec4<i32>(
+            external_axis_index(base_coords.y - 2.0, image_extend_modes.y, image_size.y),
+            external_axis_index(base_coords.y - 1.0, image_extend_modes.y, image_size.y),
+            external_axis_index(base_coords.y, image_extend_modes.y, image_size.y),
+            external_axis_index(base_coords.y + 1.0, image_extend_modes.y, image_size.y),
+        );
+    }
+    let offset = vec2<i32>(image_offset);
+
+    let s00 = textureLoad(external_texture, offset + vec2<i32>(x.x, y.x), 0);
+    let s10 = textureLoad(external_texture, offset + vec2<i32>(x.y, y.x), 0);
+    let s20 = textureLoad(external_texture, offset + vec2<i32>(x.z, y.x), 0);
+    let s30 = textureLoad(external_texture, offset + vec2<i32>(x.w, y.x), 0);
+
+    let s01 = textureLoad(external_texture, offset + vec2<i32>(x.x, y.y), 0);
+    let s11 = textureLoad(external_texture, offset + vec2<i32>(x.y, y.y), 0);
+    let s21 = textureLoad(external_texture, offset + vec2<i32>(x.z, y.y), 0);
+    let s31 = textureLoad(external_texture, offset + vec2<i32>(x.w, y.y), 0);
 
-    let s02 = textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<i32>(clamp(coords + vec2(-1.5, 0.5), image_offset, image_max)), 0);
-    let s12 = textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<i32>(clamp(coords + vec2(-0.5, 0.5), image_offset, image_max)), 0);
-    let s22 = textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<i32>(clamp(coords + vec2(0.5, 0.5), image_offset, image_max)), 0);
-    let s32 = textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<i32>(clamp(coords + vec2(1.5, 0.5), image_offset, image_max)), 0);
+    let s02 = textureLoad(external_texture, offset + vec2<i32>(x.x, y.z), 0);
+    let s12 = textureLoad(external_texture, offset + vec2<i32>(x.y, y.z), 0);
+    let s22 = textureLoad(external_texture, offset + vec2<i32>(x.z, y.z), 0);
+    let s32 = textureLoad(external_texture, offset + vec2<i32>(x.w, y.z), 0);
 
-    let s03 = textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<i32>(clamp(coords + vec2(-1.5, 1.5), image_offset, image_max)), 0);
-    let s13 = textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<i32>(clamp(coords + vec2(-0.5, 1.5), image_offset, image_max)), 0);
-    let s23 = textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<i32>(clamp(coords + vec2(0.5, 1.5), image_offset, image_max)), 0);
-    let s33 = textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<i32>(clamp(coords + vec2(1.5, 1.5), image_offset, image_max)), 0);
+    let s03 = textureLoad(external_texture, offset + vec2<i32>(x.x, y.w), 0);
+    let s13 = textureLoad(external_texture, offset + vec2<i32>(x.y, y.w), 0);
+    let s23 = textureLoad(external_texture, offset + vec2<i32>(x.z, y.w), 0);
+    let s33 = textureLoad(external_texture, offset + vec2<i32>(x.w, y.w), 0);
 
     let row0 = cx.x * s00 + cx.y * s10 + cx.z * s20 + cx.w * s30;
     let row1 = cx.x * s01 + cx.y * s11 + cx.z * s21 + cx.w * s31;
@@ -132,18 +182,33 @@ fn sample_external_image(
     coords: vec2<f32>,
     image_offset: vec2<f32>,
     image_size: vec2<f32>,
+    image_extend_modes: vec2<u32>,
 ) -> vec4<f32> {
     @if(image_bicubic)
     if quality == IMAGE_QUALITY_HIGH {
-        return external_bicubic_sample(external_texture, coords, image_offset, image_size);
+        return external_bicubic_sample(
+            external_texture,
+            coords,
+            image_offset,
+            image_size,
+            image_extend_modes,
+        );
     }
     if quality == IMAGE_QUALITY_MEDIUM {
         return external_bilinear_sample(
             external_texture,
-            coords - vec2(0.5),
+            coords,
             image_offset,
             image_size,
+            image_extend_modes,
         );
     }
-    return textureLoad(external_texture, vec2<u32>(coords), 0);
+    return textureLoad(
+        external_texture,
+        vec2<i32>(image_offset) + vec2<i32>(
+            external_axis_index(coords.x, image_extend_modes.x, image_size.x),
+            external_axis_index(coords.y, image_extend_modes.y, image_size.y),
+        ),
+        0,
+    );
 }
diff --git a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_blurred.png b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_blurred.png
index 25fc96688..1ae0f4dd0 100644
--- a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_blurred.png
+++ b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_blurred.png
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
-oid sha256:d7b84ac28569358b4bfc6ad96feb43d6a10e0ff18ac0635e2217156ae5890ed9
-size 5368
+oid sha256:1cd8ac69d1986c58e1fe5651a0c856d8958bf99319f7e45d84e36a080d07c7af
+size 5105
diff --git a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_clipped.png b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_clipped.png
index 55c2509f4..78cca1a7e 100644
--- a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_clipped.png
+++ b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_clipped.png
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
-oid sha256:d606d491f1f16774a92f4b6ae00415c2cf2c989e00ffe59c2fdb3a27b6581e81
-size 2440
+oid sha256:e74bec0b2584a30f7393f748b12fc1ae1e74d0bf011f4a5d51085ac30baafec5
+size 2439
diff --git a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_composite.png b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_composite.png
index 3717b5028..43deebda2 100644
--- a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_composite.png
+++ b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_composite.png
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
-oid sha256:814a9064e79345b6130a889fd73e3a0f01dec56cd20a15600cbd53af5baa3a18
-size 4067
+oid sha256:3b7ab36e6d770b51843fb915d4e15090e9cbd0c33c5791c9b8084499fd85a0fd
+size 4052
diff --git a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_many_sprites.png b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_many_sprites.png
index c7fa077fe..08c52d20a 100644
--- a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_many_sprites.png
+++ b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_many_sprites.png
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
-oid sha256:08eae45eae7b2b9e41e112ee29a274444c3eeab049fd6dfbca10951b8f81c1a7
-size 13253
+oid sha256:4bfbaf50d3e64e640cabc2091b48e585f57f03eb8eba1efca5c1280ed7d735ba
+size 13252
diff --git a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_reflect_with_offset.png b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_reflect_with_offset.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8678c2f60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_reflect_with_offset.png
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:5e676ba0d8f98393cfae378bee4421b0f6fda43ee306165a46bae6e341e4eea5
+size 140
diff --git a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_root_painter_order.png b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_root_painter_order.png
index d2bf0dbe3..782873a44 100644
--- a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_root_painter_order.png
+++ b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_root_painter_order.png
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
-oid sha256:15b84b78e387a1a0b49cd9d9af887eb62fe5f4725baada75926ec46d34883b6c
+oid sha256:27d71e2c4550ce9b27085785dcfe385fc5052a57f8a5634b4fc15399df8cc056
 size 334
diff --git a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_skewed.png b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_skewed.png
index 1ae171ee5..90d92182c 100644
--- a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_skewed.png
+++ b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_skewed.png
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
-oid sha256:d06ad352104023d1d7bf59de03ab80ae6fda22a8e4d65fb826fc15a513af3695
-size 2733
+oid sha256:039e3944b98e786a7846daf4652aa5e871485a20ffff224596decdf139dcb953
+size 2739
diff --git a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_with_cropped_source.png b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_with_cropped_source.png
index 09e2e4f01..e546a2236 100644
--- a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_with_cropped_source.png
+++ b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_with_cropped_source.png
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
-oid sha256:d48c74f7a240f82024027429fc1adb7924fb61ebc53342e511837db9a7b57b6e
-size 1343
+oid sha256:4a6471af338cb97affd47ab6f6c782833de1c44823ef75a7169a3acfb46dc97f
+size 1339
diff --git a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_with_paint_transform.png b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_with_paint_transform.png
index e230b64db..1630240c2 100644
--- a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_with_paint_transform.png
+++ b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_with_paint_transform.png
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
-oid sha256:d913f32e0b85273b0a8861464006fc2af4932f382da7742387c94f085544dd43
-size 10591
+oid sha256:96934985fbb886c92c35efb3f2f412574a8a16ca598d9cf1994a17ccc1a4f436
+size 10590
diff --git a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_with_scene_transform.png b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_with_scene_transform.png
index 086e1b6ec..f818329d5 100644
--- a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_with_scene_transform.png
+++ b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_with_scene_transform.png
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
-oid sha256:e53972600365cacdffd3e6df1b479637ff96e290740b391b65de825a3b46d5de
-size 8784
+oid sha256:03659efeb9bdd5d6c977d26ff6775178040622f132349d3c4e38f4d74f7d4604
+size 8680
diff --git a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_with_scene_transform_2.png b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_with_scene_transform_2.png
index 4ca670b93..b7e88bf29 100644
--- a/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_with_scene_transform_2.png
+++ b/vello_tests/snapshots/external_texture_with_scene_transform_2.png
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
-oid sha256:f835051b66e43aeca0579ce31145e4507d3e95ce5ba1ade542be44b8d2d1fcb3
-size 1207
+oid sha256:5f909833810e2c1bfa4eea87006b2674484b67e5666a037d3e64d8c12d6a64bf
+size 1813
diff --git a/vello_tests/snapshots/image_bicubic_repeat_x_pad_y.png b/vello_tests/snapshots/image_bicubic_repeat_x_pad_y.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..265332b1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vello_tests/snapshots/image_bicubic_repeat_x_pad_y.png
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:5d0d7edf12944b746f563e35eb09ae3dc9daa0e2ac2c1b5ae64fdc700d92459c
+size 755
diff --git a/vello_tests/src/renderer.rs b/vello_tests/src/renderer.rs
index f1b586934..a7ca00bb9 100644
--- a/vello_tests/src/renderer.rs
+++ b/vello_tests/src/renderer.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright 2025 the Vello Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR MIT
 
-#[cfg(not(all(target_arch = "wasm32", feature = "webgl")))]
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -100,6 +99,8 @@ pub trait Renderer: Sized {
 pub struct CpuRenderer {
     ctx: RenderContext,
     resources: Resources,
+    external_textures: HashMap<TextureId, Arc<Pixmap>>,
+    next_external_texture_id: u64,
     render_mode: RenderMode,
     target: Pixmap,
     target_init: GpuTargetInit<'static>,
@@ -119,6 +120,8 @@ impl Renderer for CpuRenderer {
         Self {
             ctx: RenderContext::new_with(width, height, settings),
             resources: Resources::new(),
+            external_textures: HashMap::new(),
+            next_external_texture_id: 1,
             render_mode,
             target: Pixmap::new(width, height),
             target_init: GpuTargetInit::Clear(ClearSettings::default()),
@@ -214,6 +217,35 @@ impl Renderer for CpuRenderer {
     }
 
     fn set_paint(&mut self, paint: impl Into<PaintType>) {
+        let mut paint = paint.into();
+        if let PaintType::Image(image) = &mut paint
+            && let ImageSource::ExternalTexture {
+                id, source_region, ..
+            } = &image.image
+        {
+            let pixmap = self
+                .external_textures
+                .get(id)
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("External texture {id:?} not found in test registry"));
+
+            if *source_region == RectU16::new(0, 0, pixmap.width(), pixmap.height()) {
+                image.image = ImageSource::Pixmap(Arc::clone(pixmap));
+            } else {
+                let mut cropped = Pixmap::new(source_region.width(), source_region.height());
+                let width = usize::from(source_region.width());
+                for (row, y) in cropped
+                    .data_mut()
+                    .chunks_exact_mut(width)
+                    .zip(source_region.y0..source_region.y1)
+                {
+                    let start = usize::from(y) * usize::from(pixmap.width())
+                        + usize::from(source_region.x0);
+                    row.copy_from_slice(&pixmap.data()[start..start + width]);
+                }
+                cropped.set_may_have_transparency(pixmap.may_have_transparency());
+                image.image = ImageSource::Pixmap(Arc::new(cropped));
+            }
+        }
         self.ctx.set_paint(paint);
     }
 
@@ -283,8 +315,11 @@ impl Renderer for CpuRenderer {
         self.target.clone()
     }
 
-    fn register_external_texture(&mut self, _: Arc<Pixmap>) -> TextureId {
-        unimplemented!("external textures are only supported by GPU renderer tests")
+    fn register_external_texture(&mut self, pixmap: Arc<Pixmap>) -> TextureId {
+        let texture_id = TextureId(self.next_external_texture_id);
+        self.next_external_texture_id += 1;
+        self.external_textures.insert(texture_id, pixmap);
+        texture_id
     }
 
     fn get_image_source(&mut self, pixmap: Arc<Pixmap>) -> ImageSource {
diff --git a/vello_tests/tests/external_texture.rs b/vello_tests/tests/external_texture.rs
index 29bcdaa3f..052ab45aa 100644
--- a/vello_tests/tests/external_texture.rs
+++ b/vello_tests/tests/external_texture.rs
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ mod tests {
         ctx.fill_path(&circle.to_path(0.1));
     }
 
-    #[vello_test(width = 96, height = 96, gpu_only)]
+    #[vello_test(width = 96, height = 96, gpu_tolerance = 1)]
     fn external_texture_composite(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
         let texture_id = ctx.register_external_texture(load_image!("glyphs_colr_noto"));
         ctx.set_paint_transform(Affine::translate((12., 15.)));
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ mod tests {
         fill_sprite_rect(ctx, texture_id, SPRITES[3], 25., 25., ImageQuality::Low);
     }
 
-    #[vello_test(gpu_only)]
+    #[vello_test]
     fn external_texture_circle(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
         let texture_id = ctx.register_external_texture(load_image!("color_grid_16x16"));
 
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ mod tests {
         ctx.fill_path(&Circle::new((50., 50.), 40.).to_path(0.1));
     }
 
-    #[vello_test(gpu_only)]
+    #[vello_test]
     fn external_texture_repeat(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
         let texture_id = ctx.register_external_texture(load_image!("color_grid_16x16"));
 
@@ -158,7 +158,30 @@ mod tests {
         ctx.fill_rect(&Rect::new(5., 5., 95., 95.));
     }
 
-    #[vello_test(gpu_only)]
+    #[vello_test]
+    fn external_texture_reflect_with_offset(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
+        let pixmap = Arc::new(Pixmap::from_parts(
+            vec![0, 0, 0, 255, 255, 0, 0, 255, 0, 255, 0, 255],
+            3,
+            1,
+            PixelMetadata::new(ImageAlphaType::AlphaPremultiplied, false),
+        ));
+        let texture_id = ctx.register_external_texture(pixmap);
+
+        ctx.set_paint_transform(Affine::scale(3.0));
+        ctx.set_paint(Image {
+            image: ImageSource::external_texture(texture_id, RectU16::new(1, 0, 3, 1), false),
+            sampler: ImageSampler {
+                x_extend: Extend::Reflect,
+                y_extend: Extend::Pad,
+                quality: ImageQuality::Medium,
+                alpha: 1.0,
+            },
+        });
+        ctx.fill_rect(&Rect::new(10.0, 10.0, 90.0, 90.0));
+    }
+
+    #[vello_test]
     fn external_texture_with_paint_transform(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
         let texture_id = ctx.register_external_texture(load_image!("color_grid_16x16"));
 
@@ -175,7 +198,7 @@ mod tests {
         ctx.fill_rect(&Rect::new(5., 5., 95., 95.));
     }
 
-    #[vello_test(gpu_only)]
+    #[vello_test]
     fn external_texture_with_scene_transform_2(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
         let texture_id = ctx.register_external_texture(load_image!("color_grid_16x16"));
 
@@ -192,7 +215,7 @@ mod tests {
         ctx.fill_rect(&Rect::new(0., 0., 16., 16.));
     }
 
-    #[vello_test(gpu_only)]
+    #[vello_test]
     fn external_texture_with_cropped_source(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
         let texture_id = ctx.register_external_texture(load_image!("color_grid_16x16"));
 
@@ -209,7 +232,7 @@ mod tests {
         ctx.fill_rect(&Rect::new(5., 5., 95., 95.));
     }
 
-    #[vello_test(width = 96, height = 96, gpu_only, gpu_no_depth)]
+    #[vello_test(width = 96, height = 96, gpu_no_depth)]
     fn external_texture_opaque_interleaving(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
         let texture_id = ctx.register_external_texture(solid_pixmap(192, 0, 0, 192));
 
@@ -222,7 +245,7 @@ mod tests {
         ctx.fill_rect(&Rect::new(48., 16., 88., 56.));
     }
 
-    #[vello_test(width = 96, height = 96, gpu_only, gpu_no_depth)]
+    #[vello_test(width = 96, height = 96, gpu_no_depth)]
     fn external_texture_runs_with_opaque_prefix(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
         let red_texture = ctx.register_external_texture(solid_pixmap(255, 0, 0, 255));
         let green_texture = ctx.register_external_texture(solid_pixmap(0, 255, 0, 255));
@@ -239,7 +262,7 @@ mod tests {
         fill_texture_rect(ctx, red_texture, 48., 48., 40., 40., true);
     }
 
-    #[vello_test(gpu_only, gpu_no_depth)]
+    #[vello_test(gpu_no_depth)]
     fn external_texture_root_painter_order(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
         let coral = ctx.register_external_texture(solid_pixmap(225, 87, 89, 255));
         let teal = ctx.register_external_texture(solid_pixmap(42, 157, 143, 255));
@@ -264,7 +287,7 @@ mod tests {
         fill_texture_rect(ctx, coral, 44., 44., 12., 12., false);
     }
 
-    #[vello_test(gpu_only)]
+    #[vello_test]
     fn external_texture_atlas_interleaving(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
         let atlas_red = ctx.get_image_source(solid_pixmap(254, 0, 0, 254));
         let external_green = ctx.register_external_texture(solid_pixmap(0, 254, 0, 254));
@@ -279,7 +302,7 @@ mod tests {
         draw_atlas_rect(ctx, atlas_magenta, Rect::new(66., 66., 90., 90.));
     }
 
-    #[vello_test(gpu_only)]
+    #[vello_test]
     fn external_texture_layer_before_external(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
         let texture_id = ctx.register_external_texture(solid_pixmap(128, 0, 0, 128));
 
@@ -293,7 +316,7 @@ mod tests {
         ctx.pop_layer();
     }
 
-    #[vello_test(gpu_only)]
+    #[vello_test]
     fn external_texture_external_before_layer(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
         let texture_id = ctx.register_external_texture(solid_pixmap(0, 255, 0, 255));
 
@@ -307,7 +330,7 @@ mod tests {
         ctx.pop_layer();
     }
 
-    #[vello_test(gpu_only)]
+    #[vello_test]
     fn external_texture_layer_circle_orders(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
         let blue_texture = ctx.register_external_texture(solid_pixmap(0, 0, 255, 255));
         let red_texture = ctx.register_external_texture(solid_pixmap(255, 0, 0, 255));
@@ -384,7 +407,7 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
-    #[vello_test(width = 96, height = 96, gpu_only, gpu_tolerance = 1)]
+    #[vello_test(width = 96, height = 96, gpu_tolerance = 1)]
     fn external_texture_skewed(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
         let texture_id = ctx.register_external_texture(load_image!("glyphs_colr_noto"));
         let source_region = SPRITES[0];
@@ -402,7 +425,7 @@ mod tests {
         ));
     }
 
-    #[vello_test(width = 96, height = 96, gpu_only)]
+    #[vello_test(width = 96, height = 96)]
     fn external_texture_clipped(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
         let texture_id = ctx.register_external_texture(load_image!("glyphs_colr_noto"));
         let clip = Circle::new((48., 48.), 24.).to_path(0.1);
@@ -415,7 +438,7 @@ mod tests {
         ctx.pop_layer();
     }
 
-    #[vello_test(width = 96, height = 96, gpu_only, gpu_tolerance = 2)]
+    #[vello_test(width = 96, height = 96, skip_multithreaded, gpu_tolerance = 2)]
     fn external_texture_blurred(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
         let texture_id = ctx.register_external_texture(load_image!("glyphs_colr_noto"));
         let blur = Filter::from_primitive(FilterPrimitive::GaussianBlur {
@@ -429,7 +452,7 @@ mod tests {
         ctx.pop_layer();
     }
 
-    #[vello_test(width = 192, height = 132, gpu_only)]
+    #[vello_test(width = 192, height = 132)]
     fn external_texture_many_sprites(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
         let texture_id = ctx.register_external_texture(load_image!("glyphs_colr_noto"));
         let placements = [
@@ -453,7 +476,7 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
-    #[vello_test(width = 96, height = 96, gpu_only, gpu_tolerance = 2)]
+    #[vello_test(width = 96, height = 96, cpu_u8_tolerance = 2, gpu_tolerance = 2)]
     fn external_texture_with_scene_transform(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
         let texture_id = ctx.register_external_texture(load_image!("glyphs_colr_noto"));
 
diff --git a/vello_tests/tests/image.rs b/vello_tests/tests/image.rs
index fa33cc2dd..46f33bb44 100644
--- a/vello_tests/tests/image.rs
+++ b/vello_tests/tests/image.rs
@@ -89,9 +89,7 @@ fn image_pad_x_pad_y(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
     repeat(ctx, Extend::Pad, Extend::Pad);
 }
 
-// TODO: Doesn't work correctly in the GPU renderer due to a difference in sampling behavior.
-#[vello_test(skip_gpu)]
-fn image_bilinear_repeat_x_pad_y(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
+fn filtered_repeat_x_pad_y(ctx: &mut impl Renderer, quality: ImageQuality) {
     let rect = Rect::new(10.0, 10.0, 90.0, 90.0);
     let image_source = rgb_img_2x2(ctx);
 
@@ -101,13 +99,23 @@ fn image_bilinear_repeat_x_pad_y(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
         sampler: ImageSampler {
             x_extend: Extend::Repeat,
             y_extend: Extend::Pad,
-            quality: ImageQuality::Medium,
+            quality,
             alpha: 1.0,
         },
     });
     ctx.fill_rect(&rect);
 }
 
+#[vello_test]
+fn image_bilinear_repeat_x_pad_y(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
+    filtered_repeat_x_pad_y(ctx, ImageQuality::Medium);
+}
+
+#[vello_test]
+fn image_bicubic_repeat_x_pad_y(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
+    filtered_repeat_x_pad_y(ctx, ImageQuality::High);
+}
+
 fn transform(ctx: &mut impl Renderer, transform: Affine, l: f64, t: f64, r: f64, b: f64) {
     let rect = Rect::new(l, t, r, b);
     let image_source = rgb_img_10x10(ctx);
diff --git a/vello_tests/tests/issues.rs b/vello_tests/tests/issues.rs
index 487aee94b..4cff169f0 100644
--- a/vello_tests/tests/issues.rs
+++ b/vello_tests/tests/issues.rs
@@ -863,12 +863,12 @@ fn image_filtering_at_extend_boundary(
     ctx.fill_rect(&Rect::new(10.0, 10.0, 90.0, 90.0));
 }
 
-#[vello_test(skip_gpu)]
+#[vello_test]
 fn issue_image_filtering_at_reflect_boundary(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
     image_filtering_at_extend_boundary(ctx, 2, Extend::Reflect, (-1.0_f32).next_down());
 }
 
-#[vello_test(skip_gpu)]
+#[vello_test]
 fn issue_image_filtering_at_repeat_boundary(ctx: &mut impl Renderer) {
     image_filtering_at_extend_boundary(ctx, 3, Extend::Repeat, 15.0_f32.next_down());
 }
diff --git a/vello_tests/webdriver.json b/vello_tests/webdriver.json
index 345b6818a..808bebfdb 100644
--- a/vello_tests/webdriver.json
+++ b/vello_tests/webdriver.json
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 {
     "timeouts": {
+        "pageLoad": 1200000,
         "script": 1200000
     }
 }