diff --git a/kolkhoz/capture.py b/kolkhoz/capture.py
index 53dea56..56adef9 100644
--- a/kolkhoz/capture.py
+++ b/kolkhoz/capture.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 import os
 
 import fsspec
+from fsspec.implementations.asyn_wrapper import AsyncFileSystemWrapper
 from PIL import Image
 from pravda import Pravda, PravdaConfig, Snapshot
 
@@ -46,12 +47,22 @@ def storage_filesystem(settings: PravdaSettings):
     Pravda resolves each snapshot's ``prefix`` against this same base path, so
     opening ``<prefix>/<filename>`` on this filesystem locates the artifact for
     both local paths and remote (``gs://``/``s3://``) URLs.
+
+    Synchronous backends (e.g. the local filesystem) are wrapped so reads use
+    the same async API as remote ones. This mirrors Pravda's own
+    ``Storage.from_url`` and, crucially, keeps every artifact read on the
+    running event loop: reading via the async API avoids fsspec's sync bridge,
+    which would otherwise drive the shared (async, e.g. ``gcsfs``) instance from
+    its background loop while Pravda has bound its session to this loop —
+    raising "got Future attached to a different loop".
     """
     fs, _ = fsspec.core.url_to_fs(settings.storage_base_path)
+    if not fs.async_impl:
+        fs = AsyncFileSystemWrapper(fs)
     return fs
 
 
-def read_artifact(fs, snapshot: Snapshot, filename: str | None) -> bytes:
+async def read_artifact(fs, snapshot: Snapshot, filename: str | None) -> bytes:
     """Read a snapshot artifact blob from the shared storage backend.
 
     ``snapshot.prefix`` is the backend-resolved directory (base path plus the
@@ -59,14 +70,16 @@ def read_artifact(fs, snapshot: Snapshot, filename: str | None) -> bytes:
     content-addressed name Pravda stored. Both are required for a stored
     artifact: a missing one is a malformed snapshot, so this fails loud rather
     than returning empty bytes.
+
+    Reads through the async API on the current event loop; see
+    ``storage_filesystem`` for why the sync ``fs.open`` path is avoided.
     """
     if snapshot.prefix is None:
         raise ValueError(f"snapshot {snapshot.id} has no storage prefix")
     if filename is None:
         raise ValueError(f"snapshot {snapshot.id} has no artifact filename")
     path = os.path.join(snapshot.prefix, filename)
-    with fs.open(path, "rb") as fh:
-        return fh.read()
+    return await fs._cat_file(path)
 
 
 def is_blank(blob: bytes) -> bool:
diff --git a/kolkhoz/cli.py b/kolkhoz/cli.py
index cefd048..a9343a1 100644
--- a/kolkhoz/cli.py
+++ b/kolkhoz/cli.py
@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ async def extract_snapshot(
     client: OpenAI,
 ) -> list[dict]:
     """Extract flattened holder observations from one captured snapshot."""
-    text = read_artifact(fs, snapshot, snapshot.plaintext).decode(
+    text = (await read_artifact(fs, snapshot, snapshot.plaintext)).decode(
         "utf-8", errors="replace"
     )
-    html = read_artifact(fs, snapshot, snapshot.rendered_html).decode(
+    html = (await read_artifact(fs, snapshot, snapshot.rendered_html)).decode(
         "utf-8", errors="replace"
     )
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ async def extract_snapshot(
     if reason is not None:
         log.info("  → %s → including screenshot", reason)
         if snapshot.screenshot is not None:
-            blob = read_artifact(fs, snapshot, snapshot.screenshot)
+            blob = await read_artifact(fs, snapshot, snapshot.screenshot)
             if not is_blank(blob):
                 screenshot_blob = blob
     metadata = metadata_from_html(snapshot.url, html)
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ async def _run_pipeline(
             if holders:
                 hits += 1
 
-    write_outputs(groups, config.paths)
+    await write_outputs(groups, config.paths)
     log.info("extraction: %d hit, %d miss", hits, extracted - hits)
 
 
diff --git a/kolkhoz/export.py b/kolkhoz/export.py
index 3a792e2..b990950 100644
--- a/kolkhoz/export.py
+++ b/kolkhoz/export.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 from datetime import datetime
 
 import fsspec
+from fsspec.implementations.asyn_wrapper import AsyncFileSystemWrapper
 from pravda import Snapshot
 
 from kolkhoz.config import PathsConfig
@@ -56,19 +57,23 @@ def holder_to_record(
     return {name: record[name] for name in EXPORT_FIELDS}
 
 
-def write_outputs(groups: dict[str, list[dict]], paths: PathsConfig) -> None:
+async def write_outputs(groups: dict[str, list[dict]], paths: PathsConfig) -> None:
     """Write exactly the records produced by the current run."""
     fs, base = fsspec.core.url_to_fs(paths.output_base_path)
+    if not fs.async_impl:
+        # Consistently use async API on pipeline's event loop
+        fs = AsyncFileSystemWrapper(fs)
     date = datetime.now().strftime(EXPORT_DATE_FORMAT)
     total = 0
     for dataset, records in groups.items():
         out_dir = os.path.join(base, dataset)
         out_file = os.path.join(out_dir, f"{date}.jsonl")
-        fs.makedirs(out_dir, exist_ok=True)
-        with fs.open(out_file, "wb") as fh:
-            for record in records:
-                fh.write(json.dumps(record, ensure_ascii=False).encode("utf-8"))
-                fh.write(b"\n")
+        await fs._makedirs(out_dir, exist_ok=True)
+        payload = b"".join(
+            json.dumps(record, ensure_ascii=False).encode("utf-8") + b"\n"
+            for record in records
+        )
+        await fs._pipe_file(out_file, payload)
         total += len(records)
         log.info("wrote %d record(s) → %s", len(records), out_file)
     log.info("wrote %d record(s) across %d dataset(s)", total, len(groups))