Gzar

My toy language which I will use to learn more about compilers.

How to compile the Gzar compiler

Make sure that you have visual studio 2019 C/C++ compiler installed and run the build file from any command line you have.

Running the compiler

You need to run the compiler from the x64 native command prompt for VS which will initialize the enviorment for the ml64 assembler that my compiler uses, and the linker. In the near future you will no longer need the assembler or the linker to produce PE executables. As a new backend will get introduced it will gradually feature match the assembly one.

What can it do?

// external function puts
puts :: (str: string) -> int; 

main :: () -> int {
	i: int = 0; // there is also support for &, |, ^, +, -, *, /
    
	while (i < 5) {
		puts("something");
		i = i + 1; 
	}
    
    {
        something: int = 0; // recursive scopes
    }
    
    var: bool = i > 5;
    if var && true { // you can try to use the || operator insted 
        return 0;
    }
    
    return i;
}

 Language spec
 *  - at least one
 ?  - 0 or more times
 |  - expands the possible space
 () - groups
 "" - string which represents the
      combination of charatcters
      needed for a certain token
      in the language

 program -> decloration*

 block -> "{" statement* "}"

 decloration -> variable_decl
     | function_decl
     | statement

 statement -> expression
     | while
     | if
     | block
     | decloration
     | return

 expression -> expression
     | call
     | unary
     | binary
     | grouping
     | arguments
     | assignment
     | literal

 literal -> number | string | "true" | "false" | "nil"
 cast -> "cast" "(" type ")" expression
 call -> identifier "(" arguments ")"
 unary -> ("-" | "!" | cast ) expression
 grouping -> "(" expression ")"
 binary -> expression operator expression
 operator -> "==" | "!=" | ">=" | "<=" | "<" |
            ">" | "+" | "-" | "*" | "/" | "&" |
            "|" | "^" | "&&" | "||" | "%"

 number -> "0-9"*
 string -> """ any character between the " are accepted  """
 variable_decl -> identifier ":" type ( ("=" expression) | ";" )
 function_decl -> identifier "::" grouping "->" return_type block

 identifier -> "A-Z" | "a-z" | "_"

 type -> "*"? ( "u64" | "u32" | "u8" |
                "s64" | "s32" | "s8" |
                "int" | "string" | "bool" |
                "*void")

 return_type type | "void"

 if -> ("if" expression block ) | ("if" expression block "else" block )
 while -> "while" expression block